Strong interest called out the slogan of the Shenzhen market vegetables

More and more people concerned about the safety of vegetables. Yesterday, reporters from the special sales in Shenzhen, " the vegetable " strong interest Vegetable Co., the city learned that: the company ' s proximity to vegetable base, for the supermarket to occupy sale terminals, " strong interest " vegetable prenomen in Shenzhen and Hong Kong market, " applauded was a great walkaway, " opened this epoch, also in Shenzhen Dream Fumin shop. Since May of this year, the company has opened in Shenzhen with four stores.

Vegetables and vegetable quality can be just now traced back to

Yi Qiang Vegetables Co., Ltd. City of vegetables available from the State Administration of Quality Strings enter check of the vegetable base, factory good with professional testing room, and a special arbiter to conduct inspection of vegetables, the State Administration of Quality Strings Pipi detection.

Urban Vegetable Co., Ltd. is a Hong Kong Yi Qiang Gabriel High Food Co., Ltd. to prosper the mainland market, registered in Shenzhen can be traced back vegetables franchisee, is currently Hong Kong ' s major supplier of high - end processing of vegetables, domestic fruits and vegetables processing plants have high Dongguan Baili 1, covers an area of 3, 000 square meters, covers an area of 5000 square meters factory in Shenzhen cooperation. Major customers include supermarket chains in Hong Kong PARKnSHOP, Wellcome supermarket chain in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong International Air Catering Lufthansa Food Co., Ltd. and the Hong Kong Maxim ' s Group dining restaurant chain. Bailey also is a high - Food Company Limited from outlet store are: establishment of supermarkets and Wellcome supermarkets in PARKnSHOP a total of 86 outlets. Since there is a base for the domestic vegetable Qujing, Ji ' an, Liaocheng, Yangshan, Guangdong, Shanxi Yuncheng. Co - operation base located in Fujian, Chongqing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places, truly integrated marketing, formed from the base to the whole process to the retail market, quality and safety traceability system, so the source can be traced back, whereabouts can be tracked to ensure the quality of vegetables safe and reliable.

From farm to fork the whole low - temperature storage

Urban Vegetable Co., Ltd. Yi Qiang ' s " strong interest " of vegetables through the cold chain logistics storage and transportation. Vegetables from farm to fork is always kept at low temperature, the effective control of the breeding and spread of harmful micro - organisms to ensure the safety of vegetables. Data, through the cold storage and transportation of vegetables, their consumption of vegetables is small, the community, specialization, standardization of vegetable cold chain storage and transportation, to vegetables, storage, transportation and lower cost, more efficient and easier to detect and monitor.

" Agriculture super - butt " went straight to the supermarket fruit and vegetable field

Fresh fruits and vegetables off the early morning, just 56 hours can be put on the supermarket counter; radish, eggplant, green peppers, tomatoes...... filled with a variety of fresh vegetables counters. In fact, people can put into the food basket of fresh fruits and vegetables, thanks to a new basket supply chain??? Agriculture with supermarkets. This year in June, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments in the country launched the " agriculture super - docking " activities in support of major supermarket chains, agricultural products and fresh agricultural products directly to distribution companies producing docking of Farmer Cooperatives, construction, direct procurement of agricultural products base.

According to reports, the past, most agricultural products sold by the farmers, hawkers, hawkers sold to wholesale markets, wholesale markets and then sold to large buyers, and finally into the supermarket and other retail outlets. Farmers over the direct connection of farmland harvest of fresh produce, within a few hours can be put on the supermarket shelves, not only to ensure the fresh agricultural products to enter the public the first time the " food basket " and eliminating the need for many intermediate links, compression costs.

Vegetables Ltd City Yi Qiang people think that agriculture with supermarkets, direct purchase from farmers, costs decreased by 20 % at least, this part of the profits can benefit consumers and farmers, supermarket naturally enhanced competitiveness. And many of the links not only the original supply, price instability and supply back to a certain extent the difficulty of direct supply by the farmers now, if there are problems you can always be found in Agrocybe, monitoring of food sources and more stronger.

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Sneaking US Occupation Of Islamabad

Dear Readers

Pakistan was reported to have expelled the head of an American NGO providing cover to Blackwater operations on Pakistani soil. Now this deported American, Crag Davis, is back in Pakistan. And he is not alone. Close to 2, 000 Hummers have arrived at a Pakistani port that are not eventual for Afghanistan. The worlds biggest US legate is under construction in Islamabad. As if this is not enough, the US consulate has hired a huge quantity of houses across the Pakistani money to serve as unofficial local franchises. Welcome to the silent American occupation of Pakistan, with the blessing of the elected Pakistani politicians and a silent Pakistani military.

Before the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was prone orders to the contrary, press reports of August 6 fair that its attorney, Mr. Basit, on August 5, at the Karachi Press Club, had ad hoc apt out the detail of the 1, 000 US Marines coming to Pakistan for the protection of the new, imperial US delegation in islamabad. Now we are seeing houses being barricaded for US personnel all across the central and we know of the 300 merit military trainers modern ensconced in Tarbela. In addition we have the prominent Blackwater ( now hiding under a new label, Xe Worldwide ) and the rather plain CIA front - company, Productive Associates International, Inc. ( CAII ), operating not apart in Peshawar but now in Islamabad also it transpires and a recent indication of this was the sealing off of the road in Super Market [a stone propel away from the houses of senior Pakistani officials] last day right in front of a school!

Whatever the US embassy gives out or the terrified Pakistani leadership echoes, the reality is that there is a provisional and increasingly threatening US armed authenticity in Pakistan and this may be fresh this day by an ISAF / NATO brass tacks. Incidentally, to add to the suspicions of the US substantive, reports are coming in of around 3, 000 Hummer vehicles, fully loaded, awaiting transportation from Port Qasim. Will some of these hardihood to the Pentagons assassination squads, who may part up residence in some of the barricaded Islamabad houses and with whom the present US commander in Afghanistan was away associated? Ordinary officials at Pakistani airports have also been muttering their concerns over chartered flights flying in Americans whose entry is not recorded same the flow crews are not checked for visas and so there is now no enter - keeping of amen how many Americans are coming into or going out of Pakistan. Incidentally the CAIIs Craig Davis who was deported has now requited to Peshawar! And let us not be fooled by the cry that numbers reflect friendship since we know what numbers meant to Soviet satellites.

Now another threat, in the making for some time, is becoming more overt. Pakistans precious and fertile agricultural land is up for grabs to the highest foreign bidder. Pakistan is not alone in being targeted thus by rich countries with little or no food resources. The UN has already condemned this purchase of agricultural land as a form of neo - colonialism. Over the past five years in a hardly - noticed wave of investment, rich agricultural land and forests in poor countries are being snapped up by buyers from cash - rich countries. Leading this grab of poor country resources are the rapidly industrializing states and the oil - rich countries who have, between 2006 - 2009, either directly through governments or through sovereign wealth funds and companies, already grabbed or are in the process of grabbing between 37 to 49 million acres of developing countries farmland ( a July 2009 report by Robert Schubert of Food and Water Watch ).

Wealthy countries like Japan and South Korea are acquiring farmlands abroad for food security while oil - rich countries are seeking cheap water and cultivated crops to be shipped home. The land buyers from the oil - rich arid countries are seeking water as much as land because by buying or leasing land with sufficient water, they can divert their own domestic irrigation water to municipal water supplies. The foreign land purchases destabilize food security since land given to foreign investors cannot be used to produce food for local communities the foreign investors intent being to take the food back to their own food - scarce countries. Many of the land purchases comprise tens of thousands of acres which are then turned into single - crop farms and these dwarf the small - scale farms common in the developing world, where nearly nine out of ten farms ( 85 per cent ) are less than five acres. Such land grabs have now been recognised as harming the local communities by dislodging smallholder farmers, aggravating rural poverty and food insecurity. With Gulf countries importing 60 per cent of their food on average, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are leading the investments into Asia and Africa to secure supplies of cereals, meat and vegetables. The rise in demand for food imports for the GCC comes at a time when exportable agricultural surplus worldwide has declined. How does all this impact Pakistan? Pakistan has rich agricultural land and adequate water although the latters distribution has been subject to political machinations. There has also been a seemingly deliberate effort by successive ruling elites to undermine the countrys agricultural potential and nowhere is this more brazenly evident than at present with power outages preventing crucial water supply through tubewells; and many rich lands being converted into housing colonies! Then we have had artificially created sugar and wheat shortages artificial because for the last few years our wheat and sugarcane crops have been bountiful. As for the wonderful local fruit, that is also being diverted to feed external populations through exports that are not only depriving the locals of their lands bounty but also raising local prices so only the rich elite can consume what is left. Now it has come out that we are selling land to the Gulf states, thereby undermining our local agriculture further. Abraaj Capital and other UAE entities have acquired 800, 000 acres of farmland in Pakistan ( we have learnt no lessons from the sale of the KESC and the PTCL ). Qatar Livestock is investing $1 billion in corporate farms in Pakistan. But all this produce will be taken out, so the argument that this foreign investment will bring in new technologies into our agricultural sector does not hold. In any case, one does not have to sell ones land to foreign forces to acquire new technology which is available in the open market and the government can help local farmers acquire it. Not surprisingly, the Gulf countries are pleased with Pakistans rulers bending over backwards to accommodate their needs at the expense of the ordinary Pakistani for none of the food produced on these lands will be available cheaply for Pakistanis; it will go to feed the Gulf populations. Gulf countries are happy because their imported food bill will cost 20 - 25 per cent less, positively impacting on their present high inflation rate. We may import this food from them for a price, just as our government has now decided to import sugar from the UAE. Of course the UAE itself imports sugar so the absurdity should be abundantly clear to all, including our profiteers!

In the visibly servile mindset of our leaders, instead of offering incentives on a similar scale to local farmers, Islamabad is offering legal and tax concessions, with legislative cover, to foreign investors in the form of specialized agricultural and livestock free zones and may also introduce legislation to exempt such investors from government - imposed tax bans. The most worrisome aspect of such wheeling - dealing is the governments decision to develop a new security force of 100, 000 men spread across the four provinces to ensure stability of the Arab investments. This will cost the Pakistani state around $2 billion in terms of training and salaries and the real fear is that this force will be used to forcibly eject local small farmers from their lands. Concerns have been further heightened because no labour laws will be applicable to corporate agricultural companies and there will be no sales tax or customs duties on import of agricultural machinery by these investors. Nor will their dividends be taxed and 100 per cent remittances of capital and profits will be permitted. So where is there even an iota of advantage for the ordinary Pakistani as opposed to the rulers?

With the US increasingly occupying Pakistan with their covert and overt armed presence, and the Gulf states taking over our rich agricultural lands our rulers are voluntarily making us a colony again as we were under the British who used our men to fight their wars and our cheap labor to ship the finished produce back to Britain!

Have we come full circle after 62 years of our creation?

Author: Dr. Shireen Mazari

http: / / www. ahmedquraishi. com / article_detail. php? id=789

The Green Collar Revolution

The 21st Century is known as the Green Collar Era, many economists are using this term to make vivid the increasing amount of jobs created responding to the new fields corresponding to the Green industry.

The Green economy has been the main driving enforcement to create jobs - and they are not responsible true for the mechanical people, I have used the corresponding interrelation as Internet boom to the Green industry - in reality, some have oral that most jobs created will not be related to the practical jobs.

Our squad has put cool some interesting ideas we would like to share with you - and hopefully this can also transmit you some directions to find your Green Collar job.

Agriculture Industry

The agriculture industry has been a key industry benefiting from the green economy, mainly due to the compelling increasing demand for biofuel and other renewable energy, which have been a elder aid for the increase of the food price.

This has created enormous jobs opportunities in the agriculture states in the United States as well as across South America and other food serviceable countries. Currently, the ethanol industry is a good industry to be in as the market share for biofuel is likely to pursue to increase due to supports from government policies.

Another sector is the sustainable agriculture, this involves with companies that engages in research and development of better products and more environmental products for the agriculture industry such as chemicals & fertilizers; water management systems, irrigation companies.

Global Green Investors Guide: Looking for green financing opportunities? The venture capital & private equity industry is a growing industry looking for finance professionals. This database includes over 1, 000 venture capital & private equity firms actively investing in the Green industry.

An indirect benefit is companies provide the plants & equipment for the agriculture industry, because of the increasing farming activities, the demand for these equipment has also increased - so once again, the green industry has created jobs for other inter - related industries.

Green Finance Opportunities

Our team believes that there would be quite a number of new finance positions created because of the green economy. First, the major investment banks have been recruiting and expanding their corporate financing teams to take up new clients in the green economy.

We have seen a large number of cleantech companies applied for IPO last 3 years, and the trend will only continue over the next decade.

Green finance career opportunities exist in different sectors including: Investment banks looking for professionals with experience in the cleantech or renewable energy sectors, analysts for green funds or green ETFs, auditors to conduct environmental impacts for companies, derivatives or options traders for green related financial instruments and also green venture capital & private equity firms

Retail Industry

The green economy has also changed the shape of the retail industry. Retailers must adopt environmental friendly branding strategies to capture the green conscious consumers; which has been growing worldwide.

Customers are now paying much more attention to assess on products they purchase and ensure they do not harm the environment. At same time, many retail stores and hotels are refitting their designs to create a new environmental friendly image.

Some interesting industries had emerged from these trends: store redesign companies where they come up with more environmental solutions such as change of lighting, washrooms and other aspects that can save on energy and water. There is also increasing number of Green Marketing companies helping various stores to create new packaging solutions or green marketing campaigns to capture customers.

Building Industry

One of our clients has created new building materials that are being marketed as green building materials. This is due to the fact that concrete is one of the biggest pollutants to the environmental. In addition, the water required for curing is another reason why many countries are adopting new building code to use environmental friendly building materials.

In the Middle East, for instance, its governments are adopting new water saving building materials so that it can preserve its precious water reserve which is depleting at the fastest rate in history.

In China, it is catching up to the standards set in the US and Europe to adopt higher grade rebar. The higher - grade rebar requires less iron and more vanadium for production, the change in this building code will reduce the demand for iron ore and also reduce the carbon emission for the steel makers.

The building industry is likely to undergo a major transformation in terms of the building materials it uses over the next 2 decades, new products are already being developed to meet the new standards & codes set by the government worldwide.

For those interested to join the green industry, look at different industries and assess if they will be directly influenced by the new revolution.

The car industry is a good example where new industries & sub - sectors are being created because of adoption of electric vehicles. New industries and sub - sectors will continue to be created and new jobs will be required as the result.

Global Green Investors Guide: Looking for green financing opportunities? The venture capital & private equity industry is a growing industry looking for finance professionals. This database includes over 1, 000 venture capital & private equity firms actively investing in the Green industry.

Check out our various Green related information databases on http: / / researchwhitepaper. com

The Benefits Of Using Soil Nutrients For the Agriculture Industry

Soil rebuilders have the strength to improve the productivity of crops and commensurate livestock. Catastrophe have yielded confident results in many areas including cattle for both beef and dairy, sugar cane, citrus trees, vineyards, golf courses and a area of fruits, vegetables and melons. This manageable step can make your crops more productive with increased yields. Use less water and inputs by making your plants healthier from the roots up.

Soil nutrients are the vitamins, minerals and bacteria that soil needs to sustain life. Traditionally, farmers relied on rain to naturally render these ingredients to the soil. As crops are expanded to keep up with a growing demand, however, the natural elements are not always able to keep up. The nutrients in soil will gradually become depleted, resulting in smaller crops that are not as robust. Conditioners and fertilizers are vital to the health of soil. Bacteria in the soil are necessary to help establish plants and keep them growing. Adding soil nutrients in the form of soil rebuilders can help you return the soil to the healthy condition it requires.

In addition to providing necessary nutrients, soil rebuilders also suppress disease, help the plants convert nutrients and improve the soils ability to retain water. Less fertilizer is required and the plants will stay healthy for longer, allowing you more time to harvest.

The nitrogen process is vital to plant development. Earthworms are an important part of this process, but it can be helped along with a soil rebuilder. Adding humic acid to the soil along with organic matter and nitrogen will help strengthen roots for stronger plants. As the years go by and crops are grown in the soil, these essential nutrients will be depleted to feed the crops. A successful farmer will add them back into the soil.

Crop rotation allows a field time to recover, and there are crops that can be grown specifically to help return some nutrients to the field. However, the fastest and most effective way to restore soil to a healthy condition that can sustain life is to add soil rebuilders. These compounds will add not only necessary humic acid but they will also provide the bacteria that plants need to find and absorb the nutrients that are in the soil.

There are many benefits to using soil rebuilders. Healthier crops that are strong and robust do not require as much water and are less susceptible to insects. This makes them less expensive to grow and maintain. The healthier plant will keep its fruit longer, allowing the farmer more time to fully complete the harvest. When growing turf for livestock, the rich nutrients found in the healthier grass will be transferred to the growing cattle. The livestock will also be healthier, providing higher yields through the years. The greatest benefit of soil rebuilders is that they are safe to use, even around children and animals.

Sophie Jones is a Freelance article writer for Soil Active Pro, dedicated to improving productivity and profitability within the agricultural industry by providing a good quality of Soil Nutrients.

Special Research Grants Program - Pest Management Alternatives

The National Institute of Food and Agriculture, more ofttimes called NIFA, is a federal government agency that was created under the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008.

NIFA operates under the United States Department of Agriculture, and is essentially at fault for stimulating and funding research and technological innovations that are particularly built to boost and improve American agriculture; make it more profitable and environmentally sustainable moment ensuring the appeal enthusiasm of agriculture and production.

The National Institute of Food and Agriculture has recently established the Special Research Grants Program - Pest Management Alternatives in an effort to fit support for the development and implementation of unbroken pest management practices, strategies and systems for specific pest issues bout simultaneously reducing human and environmental hazards.

The program is initially created to address challenges that are halting the successful management of pest issues in commercial production. Some of these challenges include regulatory changes, emergence of new pest issues, and the development of pest resistance to present management technologies.

NIFA has particularly outlined 3 main objectives for the Special Research Grants Program - Pest Management Alternatives, they are as follows:

a ) The development or modification of integrated pest management strategies and technologies that would address specific pest issues in both pre - and post - harvest systems

b ) The modification, analysis, and demonstration of the effectiveness of altered or alternative integrated pest management methods and technologies, including products of genetic engineering, biological organisms, biological pesticides, new chemical pesticides, and cultural practices

c ) The execution of field demonstration programs and a thorough description of how anticipated results can be economically and effectively integrated into production systems for individual crops.

To support the realization of these goals, NIFA is prepared to administer funds in the amount of $1, 400, 000 to worthy applicants who can manifest the facility to successfully carry out the responsibilities covered under the programme guidelines.

NIFA will be accepting proposals and applications from State agricultural experiment stations, institutions of higher education like colleges and universities, research establishments and associations, government agencies, private organizations and corporations along with capable individuals.

Collaboration from the previously mentioned eligible applicants are also encouraged by NIFA but they have specified that they will not be allowing applications from scientists affiliated with non - United States organizations.

The United States Department of Agriculture, the mother agency funding the Special Research Grants Program - Pest Management Alternatives, is the nation ' s leader in consistent and unrelenting anti - hunger efforts which are usually done through product safety and conservation initiatives.

Start Your Own Mole Catching Business

Few creatures can cause more frustration than the apprehensive mole. Infrequently empirical sometime making it ' s authenticity all plenty well admitted, people will verve to great lengths to get rid of this pest. There are so many means of control available, tried sight around the garden centres. Many of these techniques are either futile or simply persuade the mole to move into the garden next door.

There is only one effective solution to troublesome moles; that is to simply remove them. In agriculture the use of strychnine is no longer permitted, the use of phoshphine gas tablets is allowed but is of questionable effectiveness as it is dependant on ground conditions and extensivity of the mole ' s tunnel network.

Removing the moles by trapping is a sure way of reducing their numbers. You can see exactly how many you have caught, whether it be one or two in a small garden or hundreds on large areas of badly infested farmland. It may be labour intensive but it does produce results and removes this pest from places where they cannot be tolerated.

Trapping moles requires the knowledge of how it should be done, the right tools and equipment and the perseverance to beat this sometimes resilient pest.

Many gardeners have a go at catching a mole, but so often they are unsuccessful. This can be due to the poor design and quality of the traps they use, not knowing where to set the traps and not knowing how to set the traps properly. Mastering these skills is all it takes to become successful. Trying repeatedly using the same traps and unrefined techniques will only lead to a slow improvement in success.

The ebook Mole Catching Guide - The Guide to Successful Trapping, spells out everything you need to know about catching moles easily. It tells you about the different traps and what makes a particular trap better than others. How to set the traps, where to set them, what to look for when looking at molehills - they are more than just mounds.

Not only does it tell you how to catch moles but also how to set about making a small business out of it. Using your newly aquired skills to go out and trap moles for money. How and where to advertise, who to target, and even how much to charge. The set up costs for getting started are low. A few hand tools is all you will need and as many traps as you think you might need, they are only a few pounds each.

Strip Tilling - Do It In Right Way To Reap More Profits

All the Governments boost the agriculture industry to evolve more effective equipments and techniques. The main intention for creating this fortunate semblance is to increase agricultural produce of nation. Being rose-colored with this support, agriculture industry is innovating new equipment to improve the quality and quantity of crop. Agricultural scientists worldwide are active in making inventions to make the farming more profitable and more delivering in terms of produce also. Strip - Tilling is the new invention that ensures far better yields from almost similar inputs in same fields. The benefits of strip - tilling have been proved many times. Individual farmers, who switched over to this farming method realized the difference in very first produce. However, end results majorly depend upon the use of right kind of equipments and the method.

Striped - till uses minimum tillage. It combines drying and soil warming benefits of conventional tillage method with zero - tilling soil - protection benefits by disturbing only the seeds row part. To perform striped - tillage in defined manner, we need special types of equipments. Each stripped tilled row is made usually eight - eleven inches wide. However, it depends upon the properties of soil and the crop to be planted. Farmers using strip till need less fertilizer, chemicals and irrigation.

Strip tilling warms up the farms soil that creates better aerobic conditions for perfect seedbed. In stripped tilling soil nutrients become better adaptable to plants needs. The un - tilled land acts as a protective ground between the two rows. Liquid fertilizer and water directly reaches to plant roots; it means lesser requirement of water and fertilizers. As you need to trill smaller part of land, so you save on the fuel cost also. Striped tillage makes farming environment friendly because of less carbon emission.

When you plan for switching over to Strip till farming method to cut down production cost, you need to plan properly. The planned cash crop, cover crop rotation, soil properties, availability of water and type of existing equipments etc are the main aspects that need due consideration. The very first yield may not be as per expectations but take this shortfall just like the investment for long term benefits.

Society and Culture George Washington Carver

Active THE POOR, IMPACTING THE WORLD

The proposal Carver conclusively accepted was not the most lucrative, but his choice was based on how he could best help former slaves. On Parade 26, 1896, Booker T. Washington offered him the chance to gang up on his heart ' s desire. Washington had established the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama as one of the first institutes of higher learning for African - Americans. Washington wanted to establish an agriculture school there, rationalizing that many former slaves had taken up farming as a means of tuck. He looked to Carver to head it up.

Washington ' s polestar was to empower blacks by bit them become an integral part of the economy. Carver agreed with this philosophy and wanted to slap on in the effort. He wrote to Washington, " It has always been the one ideal of my life to be of the greatest good to the greatest number of ' my people ' possible... feeling as I do that this line of education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom to our people. "

His work would impact the lives of more than just African - Americans. Carver ' s research played a big part in transforming the agricultural economy of the deep South from one based on " King Cotton, " which depleted the soil, to one based on other crops such as peanuts, sweet potatoes and soy beans, which helped restore the soil.

Carver ' s work included the teaching of soil improvement and the diversification of crops. He discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato and the soybean, thus stimulating the cultivation of these crops. He devised many products from cotton waste and extracted blue, purple and red pigments from local clay. American dye companies relied on his research and advice to produce dyes during the Second World War, when the traditional resources for these became scarce.

Traveling around the South, Carver educated local communities on how to improve their farming techniques and on how common plants, weeds and elements in nature could be utilized as a substitute for industrial products that were too expensive or hard to find. He was ready and willing to share any of his knowledge with anyone else for, as he put it, " the price of a postage stamp. "

Carver believed that no one need ever starve if they knew how to utilize indigenous wild vegetation. It was this insight into the natural world that led the likes of Joseph Stalin and Mahatma Gandhi to seek out Carver ' s knowledge. Facing widespread starvation in their nations, both men asked for his help. The government of Britain also reportedly contacted him in the early part of World War II to help them prepare for the possibility of famine.

OLD VALUES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM

Carver ' s world of family farms and agriculturally based communities gradually faded. Technological advances in the decades after his death brought sweeping changes to agriculture in the Western world, making many of his discoveries seemingly irrelevant. His work appears insignificant in the fast - paced, information - driven economies of today. Yet one thing he taught that will never become pass lies in the area of character.

Tackling Food Security, Economic Development, and Neighborhood Vitality in One Fell Swoop

In the midst of " The Great Slump " and muddling through a sluggish recovery, cities across the U. S. are tasked with developing innovational solutions to the coming up societal side effects - side effects like joblessness, vacant / waste properties, and hunger ( to sign a few ).

The Bureau of Labor Statistics ' May 2012 report shows a national unemployment standard of 8. 2 % with the highest rates among virginity, Hispanics, and African Americans. In November 2011, the Government Burden Office ( GAO ) reported a nationwide increase in vacant properties of more than 51 % between 2000 and 2010. And according to the February 2012 report published by the Food Research and Plan Cynosure ( FRAC ), food hardship for people across the nation is the highest in years - particularly in metropolitan areas across the U. S. These grim economic facts are unreal straight more firm by the reality of current global economic instability, making the interval " Think Globally, Act Locally " all the more relevant.

City governments ( and the residents who elect them ) are in a unique position to either praise or discourage energetic local economies through the policies, codes, and ordinances they write and pass. As the national dialogue about local food and local economies continues to evolve, city governments wield significant power - particularly as it relates to land - use policy.

Currently, in most cities across the nation, city ordinances discourage or prohibit agriculture as a recognized land use. There ' s never been a better time, given our current economic environment and food hardship situation to reevaluate these policies. By rewriting or amending land uses to include urban agriculture, cities open the door for an increase in food production & availability, economic development & jobs, and improved neighborhood beautification & property values as vacant lots are transformed into beautiful gardens.

A handful of cities recognize the multi - faceted benefits of urban agriculture and are leading the way in developing land use plans that reflect these priorities. Since 2005, more than 16 major cities across the U. S. have included urban agriculture in their land use plans - some more aggressively than others. In most cases cities are beginning to formally recognize the value of community gardens and tailgate markets to their city ' s vitality. And though these are steps in the right direction, more aggressive action is needed to truly realize the economic and social potential urban agriculture has to offer.

One city - Cleveland, OH - is taking the lead in breaking the mold and aggressively promoting urban agriculture through their land use plan. In 2007, Cleveland created the Urban Garden District as a zoning classification - restricting use of land in this zoning district to urban agriculture activities. As more and more cities move to recognize the importance of agriculture and agriculture enterprise within the city limits, the national dialogue will continue to broaden and deepen - and rightly so.

It ' s important to keep in mind that not all zoning is good zoning when it comes to urban agriculture. In some cases, the restrictions that city planners and politicians impose restrict size, structures and activities in such a profound way that the policy essentially prevents what it is trying to achieve. As with any policy that affects the residents of a particular area and business of a particular type, those residents and businesses should be consulted as the policy is developed.

As cities continue to evolve and respond to the needs and pressures of an unstable global economy, a stagnant national economy, and increased uncertainty in the arenas of food security and environmental sustainability, they are challenged to think creatively and solve multiple problems simultaneously. By changing land use policy in such a way that encourages increased food production, additional agriculture jobs, and neighborhood beautification, cities will be ahead of the curve.

References:

U. S. Government Accountability Office. ( 2011, November ). VACANT PROPERTIES - Growing Number Increases Communities ' Costs and Challenges. ( Publication No. GAO - 12 - 34 ).

Center For Disease Control. ( 2006 ). Land Use Planning for Public Health: The Role of Local Boards of Health in Community Design and Development.

Food Research and Action Center. ( 2012, February ). Food Hardship In America 2011. Retrieved from FRAC data and publications database.

U. S. Dept. of Labor. ( 2011, June ). The Employment Situation May 2012. ( Press Release ). Retrieved from Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Signs of Global Sanity Sharing of Innovative Agricultural Solutions to Help Farmers and Consumers

Agriculture is the direct or indirect livelihood of three rooms of the world ' s poor, who live in rural areas.

The 2008 food crisis and the subsequent global financial crisis, showed the severe vulnerability of developing countries to fluctuations in food prices and supplies.

But the impact was not peerless on developing world farmers - it affected consumers world - wide in food scarcities, eg rice in Thailand, and higher prices.

In Nov 2008 Egypt - UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organisation ) sponsored the first ever international conference on Sharing Innovative Agribusiness Solutions - From Farms to Markets: Providing Know - how and Finance.

If the conference activities can be continued it ' s an initiative that would potentially aid small farmers in developing world, consumers universal and the planet as a whole.

" Our perception is sustainable development "

In his opening speech Dr. Ibrahim Abouleish, Founder of SEKEM uttered that Sustainable development could satisfy our needs and aspirations without decreasing the chances for future generations...... but that we need to learn the basic principals of ecology.

"..... Being ecologically literate means compassionate the principles of organisations of ecological communities including our educational communities, political and business communities. So that principles of education, management and politics include the principles of ecology. "

A little about SEKEM

In 1977 the economic and social hardship of his countrymen galvanised Social Entrepreneur and medical doctor Dr Abouleish into buying 70 hectares of desert scrubland, 60 km north - east of Cairo and close to the River Nile.

He called the new experimental farm there SEKEM - from Ancient Egyptian: " vitality from the sun ".

SEKEM was able to transform the desert into a showcase example of sustainable agriculture and a healthy ecosystem through biodynamic farming methods.

Its efforts in organic cultivation led to the conversion of the entire Egyptian cotton industry to organic methods.

Starting off with a dairy and crop farm, SEKEM soon began to produce herbal teas and to market its biodynamic produce in Europe. This initiative helped other farms in Egypt to switch to biodynamic farming. A part of its mix of activities the farm uses bio - fertilizers.

The 2008 Cairo conference brought together over 400 agribusiness stakeholders from more than 65 countries, including representatives of private and public institutions ( technical and financial ), international organizations, donor countries, civil society, universities and research institutions to share innovative agribusiness solutions

Topics covered supply / value chains, market access and linkages, Compliance with standards and conformity assessment, Technology and value addition and Innovative forms of financing

Participants were enthusiastic about working together to achieve change. central to the debate were " Innovation and opportunity ", " partnerships based on trust " and " the need for commitment ", also the need for a holistic approach to agriculture taking into account the needs of specific groups, and avoiding the mistake of thinking that " one size fits all ".

Four key issues were identified:

1. Financial: small producers need finance to bridge the gap between initial costs and eventual benefits to help them enhance their productivity and agricultural product distribution.

2. Up to date information: small farmers and SMEs need access to up - to - date market information to enable them to compete effectively in local, regional and international markets.

One example cited was an Indian project, an e - Choupal ( " choupal " means gathering place in Hindi ) programme that places computers with internet access in rural farming villages; e - Choupals acted as both a social gathering place for exchange of information and an e - commerce hub.

3. Investment in supply - chain infrastructure: Governments, the food industry, agribusiness and consumer goods retailers need to invesr in supply - chain infrstructures, which have a long economic life.

e - Choupal had a role here too: Out of an initial effort to re - engineer the procurement process for soy, tobacco, wheat, shrimp and other cropping systems in rural India grew a highly profitable distribution and product design channel for the company - an e - commerce platform and also a low - cost fulfilment system focused on the specific needs of rural India

4. Use of technology: using technological know - howfor improving yields, includingbio - fertilizers applied as soil or seed inoculants and foliar spray, reduction of post - harvest losses through better product preservation techniques, quality preservation processes and innovative ingredients to reduce microbial and toxin contamination, increased cost - efficiency related to local production, collective brands and quality criteria enhancement to strengthen small - scale producers, packaging technology and efficient logistics.

A range of follow - up activities was reportedly initiated, including a new project ( supported by the Italian Development Cooperation ) to extend ETRACE ( UNIDO ' s Egyptian Traceability Centre for Agro - Industrial Exports ) activities and help other developing countries to establish similar centres.

Further follow - up initiatives will focus on promotional and outreach activities such as the development of an interactive networking and matchmaking platform for agribusiness practitioners, which will allow continuous sharing of more innovative solutions and best practices with more participants and thus foster more business and development partnerships

If the momentum from this conference can be sustained the future could be brighter for all of us, consumers and farmers alike.

Copyright ( c ) 2010 Alison Withers

The Future of Agriculture and Technology

When considering jobs in agriculture, you must think both immense and small. Goodly is agribusiness, big corporations developing new crops, fertilizers, pesticides and other products to produce high yield crops. Small, on the other hand, is the move toward local, organic foods, and small farms with hand raised crops and animals.

Agribusiness and sizeable scale farming continues to be the primary source of food in the United States and many other nations. Eternity normal agricultural jobs of raising crops and animals keep on important, agribusiness also encompasses populous career paths in research and development as well as sales, marketing, and education. Jobs in agriculture are not the first thing one thinks of when studying biochemistry, engineering, biotechnology, or even computer sciences, but any of those degrees can open a path to lucrative employment in the agribusiness sector. As more and more functions become computerized, and as demand for food rises with population growth worldwide, high tech jobs in agriculture will continue to expand. Workers with both high tech and agricultural knowledge will be in demand.

On the other end of the scale, interest in organic and locally produced food has exploded in the last decade. Concern for health and the environment has led many people to begin choosing local and organic foods, even if they cost more. Farmer ' s markets have boomed, and even traditional grocery stores have expanded their organic food offerings.

What does this mean in terms of agricultural jobs? It means that large scale agriculture is not the only way to go. For the first time in decades there is an increase in people wanting to take up small farming on either a part time or full time basis. Many are approaching this as a second career or an entirely new career path and did not grow up in farming communities or working on farms. This means an increased demand for people with agricultural knowledge to teach school courses, write books, and consult with people setting up a new farm or perhaps transitioning to organic farming. Experts in farming and animal husbandry will find their expertise in demand as more people decide to grow food for themselves and their local community.

Support for Endosulfan in Agriculture from India, China and Japan

India has earned support in the United Nations from countries agnate as Japan, South Korea, Bolivia, Oman and China in its efforts to cast aside a recommendation by the UN Environment Program to ban endosulfan, a chemical widely used around the world as an insecticide.

Within India itself, the chemical is subject to a contentious debate. The southern rural states of Kerala and Karnataka have taken the cause in attaining its ban, but both agribusinesses and local farmers seem nullifying as alternatives are inestimable.

In 2001, the Stockholm Competition on Persistent Organic Pollutants, an environmental contract, confessed the chemical as a persistent organic pollutant and sought its ban due to its toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and its disruptive role in endocrine secretion in humans. It is also moderately harmful for beneficial insects such as honeybees and ladybugs as well as to ones that the chemical is used to destroy.

Already 60 countries, including 27 European and 21 African nations, have banned the chemical, while the United States, Canada and Brazil are phasing out its use. Ten years later, the ongoing conference in Geneva, scheduled to continue until Friday, has raised the issue again.

On Monday, India circulated a paper that urged the recommendation of the environmental review committee be set aside. Its argument rested two premises: the pesticide ban was not based on sound scientific criteria and that the decision to ban was reached not by consensus, as is usual for environmental undertakings, but was conducted by a majority vote and therefore in violation of protocol.

It also argued that the chemicals the committee suggested as alternatives showed POP characteristics, with some even exceeding those of the pesticide, and that endosulfans risk profile had not been properly prepared.

Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan and a few others requested that India nix a paragraph from the draft paper, presented on behalf of the Asia - Pacific region, which argued the adverse health effects of endosulfan had not been established.

On Tuesday, India took the lead and insisted on reaching a consensus. Japan came forward with support, and said that complying with a ban required the inclusion of an implementation mechanism which the panels recommendations currently lacked.

" The fact that the Stockholm Convention itself does not specifically contain a provision to offer financial or technical assistance was probably lost in the discussions, " said Mr R. Hariharan, chairman of International Stewardship Center, who is also attending the meeting.

Many developing countries such as Indonesia and Uganda have raised the issue for financial and technical assistance in the event of an endosulfan ban.

Study of VAM Isolated from Soil for sporulation in Sorghum & Maize

Phrase ABSTRACT Vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi are associated with the majority of the terrestrial plants. Their function ranges from stress alleviation to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. However, our knowledge about this symbiosis is still limited. The study was done to wind up best kind growth requirements for VAM growth including pot composition and host plant. The investigation was done to identify maize and sorghum as host and 4 divers substratum composition with materials like vermicompost, ecru, soil and cocopeat which are beneficial and eco - friendly compared to chemical fertilizers. Desertification and aforestation is the elder problem nowadays so there is a need to use the VAM fungi as biofertilizers. So cool of the experiment is to find out the better host and lining for VAM and effect of VAM on plant growth. KEY WORDS: Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Biofertilizer, Fungi, Soil 1. INTRODUCTION

Rapid desertification and erosion is a problem in tropical region due to adverse soil and climatic genius. Sustainable agriculture and forestry have in consequence taken prime cynosure for researcher, public and policy makers. Revegetation and afforestation of barren lands through vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal technology is an immediate necessity. The present paper emphasizes on beneficial factors like VAM and its application as biofertilizer. Scientists are currently curious in developing alternative technology to minimize the dependence on chemical fertilizer to refresh the use of biofertilizer. ( Robert, J. and D. G. Pallid House, 1976 ) VAM fungi are an integral component of sustainable agriculture and tropical forestry with symbiosis between fungus and tree host for common functioning and survival with wide host scope. ( more fitting, 1991, Dixon et al. 1997 ). - The mutualistic nature of the interaction is a critical disposition that differentiates mycorrhiza from other plant - fungus associations. The relationship is primarily characterized by the flow of inorganic components from fungus to plant and organic components from plant to fungus - ( Varma 1995 ). VAM are immensely common symbiont consisting aseptate hyphae desired to the order Glomales of class Zygomycetes. ( Morten and Benny, 1990; Mukharji, 1996 ). VAM fungi are create in assosiation with plant roots of arctic, temperate and tropical region and are distributed in all family of angiosperms. ( Kendric and Berch, 1985 ). They are beneficial to plant by providing nutrients especially phosphorus and zinc, copper, potassium, calcium. ( Cupper and Tinker, 1978 a, b ). VAM structure helps the plan to uptake nutrients from low concentration segment around roots and uptake of water ( Bhandari and Mukerji, 1993 ). The present study was planned to scale up VAM culture and its effect on Various crops. The close obtain from the proposed studies will help in its use as biofertilizer and application for crops production. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Procurement of VAM culture: VAM culture was procured from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Identification of procured culture: The culture was identified by spore stain method. Large production of VAM: For mammoth scale production of VAM two experiment were performed: 1. Composition Variable: 2. Host Variable: Composition variable: For collar preparation buff and soil sieve with opposed sieves to empty immense gravels. Ergo soil and buff mixed in equal proportion and fill it in flasks. Same procedure followed in other 3 composition: - Neutral: Perlite, Sand: Soil: Vermicompost, Cocopeat. Autoclave it and neighboring autoclave let it cool. Fill this alloy in transparent cups and in each cup add VAM soil culture.. Unaccompanied one cup taken as a control. In each cup make little hole at bottom to withdraw inessential water. Since dissemble 4 wells for seeds inoculation in mix and inoculate seeds in it consequent pretreatment of IPA. Since for growth of plant fit out proper environmental peculiarity approximative as temperature, moisture. Observe the growth of plant intermittently till 60 days. Harvest the spore after 30, 60, 90 days and calculate the spore count. Host variable: In this experiment mixture of Sand: Soil: Serlite: Vermicompost: Cocopeat were used and other procedure same as upper method. But in this two type of seed used 1. Maize and 2. Sorghum. Observe the growth of plant intermittently till 60 days and harvest the spore after 30, 45, 60 days and calculate the spore count. Spore harvesting: Soil sample from Rhizosphere of plant ( Approx 7 cm diameter surrounding the roots ) was collected. From this 1 g of soil sample was taken and sieved it with different sieve ( 650, 150, 45 m ) by simultaneously washing with water. Roots and large soil particles were retained on 650 m and 150 m while fine soil particles and spores were obtained on 45 m sieve. Content collected from 45 m sieve was collected in centrifugal tube and suspended in 27 ml distilled water. Then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded. Then the pellet was resuspended in 50 % sucrose solution and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 1 minute. Spores were found to be in the supernatant after centrifugation. Then supernatant was filtered through vacuum filtration apparatus. The spores obtained on filter paper was collected and calculated with the help of dissecting microscope.

3. RESULTS 3. 1 Quality check of VAM culture: VAM culture procured from Indian Council of Agricultural Research was check through spore stain method. The result for staining is shown in fig. 1 ( Fig. 1: Identification of procured VAM culture ) 3. 2 Large scale production of VAM: Composition Variable: In the composition variable experiment 4 type of composition were used as medium in which Sand: Soil: Vermicompost mixture was better growth medium than the other three medium. This result was shown in fig. 2 and Table 1. Fig. 2 shows the growth of plant and Table 1 shows the plant growth and VAM growth. Sand: Perlite composition shows 30 % better growth than Sand: Soil composition. Sand: Soil: Vermicompost composition shows 44 % better growth than Sand: Soil composition. Cocopeat shows 34 % lesser growth than Sand: Soil. Table 1: Observation of plant growth and VAM count at different interval time Incubation time Parameters Soil bed composition

Sand: Soil Sand: perlite Sand: Soil: Vermicompost Cocopeat 30 days Plant length 25. 34 21 22 10

Spore count ( Spore / g ) 40 32 36 25 45 days Plant length 28 31 35 15

Spore count 145 184 190 37 60 days Plant length 30 39 43 20

Spore count 678 814 890 45

Sand: Soil: Vermicompost ( 1: 1: 1 ) Sand: Perlite ( 1: 1 )

Sand: Soil ( 1: 1 ) Cocopeat ( Fig. 2: Observation of plant growth in different bed composition used as growth medium )

- Host Variable: In the host variable experiment 2 type of seeds were used as host: Maize and Sorghum. In which Maize shows better growth of VAM which was shown in Table 2 and Fig. 3. Table 2 shows spore count at different harvest time. Because of the better growth of VAM in Maize, Maize grows at high rate than the Sorghum. Table 2: Effect of plant host on VAM spores at different harvest time

Sr. No. Incubation time Spore count ( Spores / gm )

Maize Sorghum 1 30 days 40 31 2 45 days 183 101 3 60 days 884 746 From this table we conclude that when maize seeds were used as a host, Spore count seen to be 18 % higher than the sorghum which indicate the better growth of VAM culture in Maize. So, as compare to sorghum Maize provide beneficial condition for spore generation in VAM culture.

( Fig. 3: Comparative study of spore count in Maize and Sorghum at different harvest time )

( Fig. 4 Growth of Sorghum when it used as host for VAM )

( Fig. 5 Growth of Maize when it used as host for VAM )

- Fig. 4 and 5 shows the effect of VAM on Maize and Sorghum. In Maize VAM spore count is high as compare to Sorghum therefore because of the better growth of VAM in Maize Plant growth is high as compare to Sorghum. 4. CONCLUSION There are three main components involved in VAM association and plant growth with soil fertility1 ) the soil, 2 ) the fungus and 3 ) the plant. The fungal component involves, the fungal structure within the cell of the root and the extraradical mycelium in the soil. The last may be not extensive under some conditions, but does not form any vegetative structures ( Smith and Read, 1997 ). Its primary function is the absorption of resources from the soil. The increased efficiency of mycorrhizal roots versus non - mycorrhizal roots is caused by the active uptake and transport of nutrients by mycorrhizae. AMF have been shown to improve productivity in soils of low fertility ( Jeffries, 1987 ) and are particularly important for increasing the uptake of slowly diffusing ions such as PO4 ( Jacobsen et al., 1992 ), immobile nutrients such as P, Zn and Cu ( Lambert et al., 1979; George et al., 1994; George et al., 1996; Ortas et al., 1996; Liu et al., 2002 ) and other nutrients such as Cadmium ( Guo et al., 1996 ). In the present investigation Sand: Perlite, Sand: Soil: Vermicompost, Cocopeat and studied for number of AM spores and root colonization compared to Sand: Soil. So results of the experimental study for the analysis of AM growth in four different bed composition shows that Vermicompost in combination of sand and soil gives batter growth for VAM spores. The results are supported by the views of Nence ( 1987 ) who stated the superiority of perlite: sand mix over only sand. Douds and Reider ( 2003 ) inoculated AM in soil amended with composted dairy cow manure and reported enhanced sporulation. Muthukumar and Udaiyan ( 2002 ) reported increased spore - population of G. aggregatum in cowpea in response to organic manure. Lins et al. ( 1999 ) reported better growth of Carica papaya even after 30 days with the application of cattle manure to soil. Similarly Tarkalson et al. ( 1998 ) experimented on dry bean and reported higher VAM root colonization in soil amended with manure or compost. Sharma et al. ( 2005 ) also recommended farmyard manure to be best for culture of G. mosseae spores with maize. Bajwa and Javaid ( 2002 ), Srivastava et al. ( 2001 ) observed enhanced colonization in maize on application of farmyard compost. Ellis ( 1998 ) also showed that the absence of host plants could drastically reduce AM fungal populations in soil. Live roots present in the soil produce volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide, which are believed to stimulate spore germination ( Becard and Piche, 1989; Carpenter - Boggs et al., 1995 ). In the absence of active roots, the likelihood that spores will stay dormant. Delayed germination could be a survival mechanism utilized by sporulating fungi ( Abbott andRobson, 1982 ). However, in the present investigation, the four substrates and 2 hosts used were able to maintain the growth of the hyphae and the development of VAM fungal spores but vermicompost found to be the best tool for the production of VAM fungi in a fertilizer form. One of the reasons for this may be the supply of minearals by vermi - compost. A stimulation of AM sporulation by organic substances has already been described by Gryndler et al. ( 2003 ). Presumably, soil amended with substrates and VAM fungal spores can be a good ameliorative solution for reclaiming acidic soils. AM fungi are and will be a major component in any sustainable plant productive systems, which can be explicitly used for the maintenance of species diversity and productivity.

5. CONCLUSION This experiment concluded that VAM spores in soils and root varies in different crops under different bed composition. Highest number of spores were found in Maize, when it was used as host plant. So the production of VAM by this technique is a useful for plantation. Use of chemical fertilizer causes soil pollution, environment pollution and other adverse effect. VAM provide the nutrient to the plant without any harmful effect. VAM has great impact on the root system, shoot system and quality of the plant. The growth of VAM inoculated plant was seen to be faster than the ones without it. Hence, it is concluded that VAM is a better option for farming, and also enhances the crop quality. REFERENCES 1. Abbott LK, Robson AD ( 1982 ). The role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture and the selection of fungi for inoculation. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 33: 389 - 408. 2. Bajwa R, Javaid A ( 2002 ). Effect of soil sterilization, organic amendments and EM application on growth, yield and VAM colonization in maize. Pak. J. Phytopath., 14 ( 1 ): 62 - 67. 3. Bhandari N. N., Mukerji R. G.. 1993. The haustorium. Research Studies Press, New York, New York, USA. 4. Cooper K. M., Tinker P. B., 1978 Translocation and transfer of nutrients in vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas.

5. Douds DD, Galvez L, Janke R, Wagoner P ( 1995 ) Effect of tillage and farming system upon populations and distribution of veisculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 52: 111 - 118. 6. Ellis JR ( 1998 ). Post flood syndrome and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J. Prod. Agric., 11: 200 - 204. 7. Fitter AH ( 1991 ). Cost and benefits of mycorrhizas - Implications for functioning under natural conditions. Experientia, 47: 350 - 355. 8. George E; Romheld V, Marschner H ( 1994 ). Contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to micronutrient upteke by plants. In Biochemistry of Metal Micronutrients in the Rhizosphere ( eds ) J. A. Monthey, D. E Crowley and D. G. Luster pp93 - 109. Boca raton FL CRC Press. 9. Gryndler M, Jansa J, Hrelov H, Chvtalov I, Vostka M ( 2003 ). Chitin stimulates development and sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Appl. Soil Ecol., 22: 283 - 287. 10. Guo Y; George E, Marschner H ( 1996 ). Contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to uptake of Cadmnium and Nickel in bean by maize plants. Plant Soil 184: 195 - 205. 11. Jeffries P ( 1987 ). Use of mycorrhiza in agriculture. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 5: 319 - 357 Jacobsen I, Abbott LK, Robson A ( 1992 ). External hyphae of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Trofoluim subterraneum L. I. Spread of hyphae and phosphorus inflow into roots. New Phytol. 120: 371 - 380. 12. Kendrick, B. ( 1985 ). The Fifth Kingdom. Mycologue Publications. Waterloo, Ontario 13. Lambert DH; Baker DE, Cole H Jr. ( 1979 ). The role of mycorrhizae in the interactions of phosphorus with zinc, copper and other elements. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 976 - 980. 14. Lins CE, Deep GL, Aguiar RLF, Cavalcante UMT, Mala LC ( 1999 ). Effect of application of cattle manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Carica papaya L. formosa seedlings. Acta Bot. Brasilica, 13 ( 3 ): 257 - 161 15. Liu A, Hamel C, Elmi A, Costa C, Ma B, Smith DL ( 2002 ). Concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in maize colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82 ( 3 ): 271 - 278 16. Morton, J. B., Benny, G. L., 1990. Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Zygomycetes ): A new order Glomales, two new suborders Glomineae and Gigasporineae and two new families Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae with an emendation of Glomaceae. Mycotaxon 37, 471 - 491. 17. Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K ( 2002 ). Growth abd yield of cowpea as influenced by changes in arbuscular mycorrhiza response to organic manuring. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 188 ( 2 ): 123 - 132 18. Ortas I, Harries P. J, Rowell DI ( 1996 ). Enhanced uptake of phosphorus by mycorrhizal sorghum plants as influenced by form of nitrogen. Plant Soil 184: 255 - 264. 19. Robert, J. and D. G. White House, 1976. Practical Plant phosphorus loesenden Bakterien auf Wachstum Physiology. Longman London, pp: 104 - 105. 20. Smith SE, Read DJ ( 1997 ) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, Inc San Diego California. ISBN 0 - 12 - 652840 - 3. 21. Tarkalson DD, Jolley VD, Robbins CW, Terry RE ( 1998 ). Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient uptake of dry bean in manure and compost manure treated subsoil and untreated topsoil and subsoil. J. Plant Nut., 21 ( 9 ): 1867 - 1878. 22. Varma, A. 1995. Ecophysiology and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arid soils. In: Varma, A. and Hock, B. ( eds ) Mycorrhiza - Structure, Function, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. pp. 561 - 592. Springer - Verlag, Berlin.

Some Commonly Used Vastu Pyramids

To get rid of negativity and harmful energies every office and house has to be corrected with vastu. Vastu Pyramids are apparatus which have the power to snuff out negative energies by entrancing the wrong chi and rejecting the plant. A space with incorrect vastu can never bring prosperity and felicity to its lessor. Whence, it becomes essential to assassinate its chi with Pyramids.

Vastu Pyramids admit of slanted sides that draw at the top. The structure of the pyramid naturally generates chi to mend a city by resisting energies. There are various kinds of pyramids available for different places, such as:

Promax pyramids

These vastu pyramids are generally used in properties during: Project activation

Land and building construction

Property commensuration

Residential property construction

Industrial property construction

Finance activation

Promax pyramids are known to have majestic powers.

Flat max pyramid

This pyramid is designed for apartments and flats to make them Vastu compliant. Flat max pyramid is known to harmonize a flat by enhancing positive energies and helping achieve good results.

Agro pyramid

Agro pyramids are specifically designed for agriculture and are known to have mystical powers. These pyramids give excellent results by improving the quality of crops.

Super max pyramid

This particular pyramid is used to attain prosperity, good health, and wealth. Super max pyramid comprises of a center gold power and four directions ideal for office, flat, home, factory or a shop.

Education pyramid

Education pyramid is extremely useful in enhancing the knowledge and wisdom of children. It must be placed on the study table to maximize the result.

Vastu sleep

Vastu sleep helps to bring sound sleep. This particular pyramid is kept underneath the mattress to benefit the user from cosmic energies. Vastu sleep has the ability to keep a person at rest and ultimately brings peace in mind and in nature. This useful remedy helps to attain calm, success, good health, and good relationships.

Bemor 99 Pyramid

Bemor 99 pyramid is installed as luck enhancer as it energizes the place including homes, offices to spread the positive chi. Bemor pyramid comprises of a lotus power nine hole plate, nine pyrachips, and a pyraplate.

Pyra cap

Pyra cap is a very special cap made in the shape of a pyramid. It has to be worn on the head during meditation to enhance mind power. Other rewards of wearing a pyra cap are it boosts confidence, enhances concentration, and relaxes the mind and soul.

South Africa Releases Fresh Work Permit Quota ' s

The Department of Home Affairs in South Africa that issues work permits, business permits, spousal and life partner permits, family permits and retired permits has right announced a new permit quota inventory.

This is designed to repercuss the skills requirements that may be filled by immigrants desiring to relocate in South Africa.

Business permit slice

South Africa has long realised the charge to safeguard that industry and commerce has a connection to the required skills in demand, more than ever with the extensive investment taking house for the 2010 world cup.

Instance South Africa has a first class education system and developed labor enforcement, it is recognised that in a few avocations there is a talent shortage. To second the migration process under the business permit congregation Home Affairs regularly reviews what qualifications are in short supply and publishes a quota work permit list. This requirements document allows immigrants to apply for a quota work permit which means the potential immigrant can consider a work permit before receiving an offer of employment, in essence simplifying the overall immigration application process.

Which talent are in demand?

After much deliberation between the Department of Trade and Industry ( DTI ) and feedback from the major South African companies, Home Affairs published the most up to date directory of limited occupations this year. Potential immigrants seeking employment in these occupations can apply for permits enabling them to reside and work in South Africa.

Considering the reality of economic growth in South Africa Home Affairs prioritises technical and engineering professions. In fact any Industrial engineer qualifies automatically, but it remains well worth a look at the employees in demand in some detail.

Due to public and private investments in core projects foreigners with a background in the construction industry are most sought after. Included in the quota jobs are Civil engineering technicians, CAD technicians, Draftsperson, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers and technologists. In the manufacturing industries Home Affairs offers quotas for occupations such as Mechanical Engineers, Quality Engineers and Inspectors, Pipeline Engineers, Refrigeration Engineer, Manufacturing Technicians, Mechanical Draughtsperson and Technicians, Hydraulics and Pneumatics Technicians. In the aviation industry immigrants with backgrounds such as Aeronautical Engineers, Avionics Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Engineers are invited to apply for the quota work permit. In the electronics sector, South Africa requires employees that are experienced as Electrical and Mechatronics Technicians, Electronic Engineers, Electronics Technicians, Autotronics and Electromechanical Technicians. Recently Home Affairs also included some craftsman that can apply for immigration such as precision metal workers, fitters and turners, toolmakers, boilermakers, coded welders and millwrights.

In other areas Home Affairs has recognised the importance of BPO for economic stability and has included Call Centre and Contact Centre Managers under the quota system. In the information and organisation professionals notably jobs for actuaries, risk assessors, statisticians, and economists are accessible for quota professions.

The mining sector is of value to the South African economy. This is reflected by the fact that Home Affairs offers immigrants in the professions Earth Science Technicians, Mining Engineering, Geologists and Geophysicists the ability to get residence and work permits.

Other industrial professionals covered are agriculture and forestry, biotechnology, pharmacology, astronomy, the chemical industry and food technology. Finally South Africa appears to be suffering from a skills shortage in Jewellery Makers and Maths and Science Teachers.

It is important to note that Home Affairs will investigate if the proposed immigrant has the right skills as well as five years of relevant work experience before granting the quota work permit for South Africa.

Some Suggested Resources to Write Agriculture Essay

Writing an agriculture essay is the part of agricultural studies and as you have been assigned to write agriculture essay, than you need to find a good topic at first and search for the relevant material so that you could come up with a good piece of work.

No waver, internet can be the best brace to search for fact, but sometimes it becomes so wearing for a student to search for a pertinent material on it as there are millions of websites that are of no use for the students. Hence, we are here compiling some good resources where you will find your rightful information with ease but make actual you are citing the sources properly.

Some Suggested Resources to write agricultural essay

1. Food and agricultural formation of United States ( FAO ):

Food and agricultural institution works on the goal for defeating world hunger with the different countries of the world. All the member countries get together on a single platform to work for their nation and discuss on the prevalent agriculture and food situation globally. This resource can be an effective one to help you cope with the agriculture essays.

2. Economic Research Service ( ERS ):

Economic Research service is a greatest source for getting information on the economics information and research in United States Department of Agriculture. Though America is a industry based country, but still they put much effort into the agriculture side f their country, and this official site is a proof of their commitment.

3. The United States Agricultural and food law policy blog:

The united states agricultural and food policy blog can provide you with the latest news about the topic, research work being done and an information blog which is especially made for the nations community.

4. BioWorld products:

This website can be of great help for writing your agriculture essay. This site contains all the information that is required for such essay types.

5. Revolution in agriculture:

This site is all related to the history of agriculture in United States of America; here you can find useful information to write your essays on agriculture in no time.

6. United States Agricultural Information Network

It is a platform where professional people discuss on agriculture which includes the national policies, news or information etc. There are various conference also organized through the website to create awareness about the latest technologies about the agriculture in United States. Thus, this site can turn into a useful vehicle to deliver you the required information to write your agriculture essay in some time.

Therefore, the above are quite useful resources so that you can come up with a good essay on agriculture, now you don ' t have to search over the internet for whole day, you can also select the other useful websites as well but we have selected the above told sources for you from thousands of available resources over the internet that must be of no use to you so therefore, go for the preceding sources to get information on agriculture essay and you will see the difference in your essay. A word of advice here is that; don ' t forget to properly document the sources so that your work doesn ' t fall under the category of plagiarism.

Social Media in Agriculture - Opportunities Abound

Many think of agriculture as being remarkably low - tech. What could be easier than putting seeds in the ground and watching them grow? Similarly, couldn ' t anyone feed an animal until it got big enough to become spree? Having come into agriculture from a markedly non - agricultural combat, I can respond that I am nearly daily ill at nondiscriminatory how high - tech modern agriculture really is. There ' s a lot of rigorous science slow the food we eat every occasion. In detail, we have become so good at raising food that consumers rarely think of what it takes to do so. Those that do think of it, though, generally prospect out ways to connect directly with farmers and food manufacturers. ( Some are so into food that they are called " foodies. " )

If you ' re reading this online, you are more than likely one of the more than 500 million who are active Facebook users or the 200 million who are active on Twitter. You probably also frequently use YouTube for more than just to view the latest viral video. If so, then you probably also know about the potential these tools have for a business that wants to connect to consumers, suppliers, or other businesses. They ' re called " Social Media " for a good reason. It ' s all about connections.

This growth in Social Media use has occurred at the same time as a shift in America ' s food culture. We have seen a steady, rapid growth in purchases from outlets such as farmers ' markets, on - farm markets, and CSAs ( community supported agriculture operations ). Research we are working on at Penn State adds more evidence to the notion that an increasing number of people are shopping at these types of outlets. When asked why they do so, one of the most common reasons is that they simply want to connect with the person that grew their food. Here again, it ' s all about the connections.

Since we have a group of consumers and a group of producers who are interested in connecting with each other at an individual basis, it seems obvious that these groups would flock toward social media tools to help facilitate the connections. Videos found on YouTube can add a richness to the farmer ' s story about how meat, produce, or fiber is produced, processed, and marketed. Posts ( called Tweets ) on Twitter can keep " followers " apprised of farm events, where products can be purchased, and crop updates. With the ability to add photo links or other content to a tweet, Twitter becomes a great tool for connecting. Finally, Facebook has become the dominant player in today ' s social media landscape. The ability to share just about anything ( blog posts, photos, short status updates ( similar to tweets ), videos, and much more makes this an ideal way to share information.

Farmers must keep in mind that this is SOCIAL media, however. They can ' t ignore the need to actively connect with their friends, fans, followers, subscribers, or whatever the word is for people with whom they have connected on a given social media tool. The farmers need to make time to ask questions, reply to questions or comments, post content, discuss content that others have posted, and connect in other ways. With a little bit of help, anyone can learn the basics of how each tool works. Regardless, users must keep in mind that the tools are merely avenues for social communication. Therefore, the same basic rules apply to these as to any other communication tool. Most importantly, communication is a proverbial two - way street. Don ' t annoy others by " talking " all the time or by never " talking. " Respond when contacted and put content ( text, photos, etc. ) out there when appropriate. Communication isn ' t difficult for most people. Social media are simply communication tools that just happen to provide a large potential benefit to farmers.

Summary Of The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto calls for the overthrow of capitalism, and the establishment of socialism.

It has four sections.

In the first section, it discusses the historical materialist composition of history and the relationship between duo and capitalists. Marx makes the point that the driving dynamism of history is class brush.

The second section explains the relationship between Communists and other club. Communists do not stand apart from other rig, but are make-believe up of the most different political sections of the working class.

The investigation section addresses looks at previous utopian socialist theories, and shows how they are inconsistent from scientific socialism.

The final section discusses the relationship between the Communist parties, and other parties.

The manifesto also contains a list of reforms

1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.

2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.

3. Abolition of all right of inheritance.

4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.

5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the State, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.

6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State.

7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste - lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.

8. Equal liability of all to labour. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.

9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equal distribution of the population over the country.

10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children ' s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production.

Some Pretty Sweet Sweet 16 Party Games And Cool Ideas

A Sweet 16 birthday party thorough with beautiful Sweet 16 party supplies and decorations will make for a very special space. Friends and family members alike are clear-cut to mass for what is conclusive to be a memorable occasion.

For this reason, find the most glamorous and best Sweet 16 party supplies for a really bracing Sweet 16 celebration. Whether the theme is a carmine theme, spa argument or a typical sugar and spice idea, planning in advance for a Sweet 16 birthday party will make everything fall into place. Most people will find that having a variety of Sweet 16 party supplies party supplies will not only add to the occasion, but make the party planning much better.

To prepare for a Sweet 16 party most hosts will want to look at a variety of Sweet 16 party supplies in various colors and styles before choosing the best Sweet 16 supplies for the party. This will not only make the actual party planning easier, but most often will make things run much smoother during the actual party.

Think feminine when planning Sweet 16 party decorations, with flowers, ribbon and lace predominating. More often than not, these contain some type of pink. For instance, a flower bouquet could be wrapped in pink tissue paper or a Sweet 16 birthday banner could utilize a pink background with hearts and other objects. Regardless of the actual party decorations using a theme or specific color will make it all flow.

The guest list for a Sweet 16 party may be more difficult to determine. Most often this can be determined by the guest of honor and the party venue. For instance, if the guest of honor requests only friends, then the hostess should honor that request. Whereas, if the guest of all wants family and friends, then family and friends it shall be, therefore most hosts will find that the party will be much more successful by giving the guest of honor input for the party.

Aside from the overall party theme and Sweet 16 party supplies have been decided, then the host next must determine a stratedy for party planning and organization. Most hosts will find that for a party to be successful the Sweet 16 party invitations should be mailed out at least three weeks in advance. This is not too soon to forget or too late to attend. However if catering is going to be ordered then it may need to be done a little earlier with R. S. V. P. information included. This single step will render party planning for a Sweet 16 celebration very sweet indeed.

The Benefits Of Plastic Lumber

Plastic lumber is a product manufactured from a brew of recovered materials uniform as plastic. The product resembles wood and can be used in whistle stop of wood, concrete or metal to perform various structural functions. These applications append flat recreational equipment, landscaping, and decking. The product however has not finally fully substituted wood in all its functions since it is still under research.

The most common uses of plastic lumber or RPL subsume: gardening where it is used for making flowerpots, compost bins and fences; agriculture where it is used in making ranch fences, vine stakes, animal stalls and gates; turf recreational equipment agnate as playground equipment, picnic tables, park benches, informational kiosks and decking; among other uses.

There are four major types of Plastic wood, namely; Commingled RPL, High Density Polyethylene ( HDPE ) RPL, Fibre - Reinforced RPL, and Wood - Filled RPL. The types are highly dependent on the composition of materials. The first type is the Commingled RPL which is made from recycled thermoplastic and consisting majorly of polyethylene. This is so far the cheapest type to manufacture and is mostly used for landscaping and decking.

High Density Polyethylene ( HDPE ) Recycled Plastic Lumber, on other hand, is of higher density than the Commingled variety; hence a bit more costly. It has a distinct advantage in that it is available in a wide range of colours. It is also suitable for landscaping functions and decking.

The third type is manufactured by mixing plastic and glass fibre. The glass fibre is used to reinforce and can be in either continuous or chopped strands. This variety is suited for structural support applications due to the stiffness of the product. A similar product is the Wood - filled Plastic Lumber, which is made by mixing plastic with sawdust. The sawdust fibres reinforce the lumber resulting in great traction and creating a rough texture that is ideal for painting.

Plastic Lumber has several distinct advantages over wood. To begin with, Recycled Plastic Wood is more durable, nontoxic, clean, and nonporous. Other advantages include resistance to moisture and chemicals, maintenance free, splinter free hence no cracking, resistant to graffiti, do not require painting since they are already coloured,, impervious to insects, do not require preservatives or sealants; among others.

Plastic Wood is also very beneficial to the community. Since the lumber is maintenance free, it is a cost effective option for the community and government projects. In addition, it is environmentally friendly since it reduces plastic waste in landfills. Apart from that, Recycled Plastic Timber leads to reduction in treated wood waste.

In comparison to wood, Plastic Lumber is slightly expensive to purchase. However, when the life - cycle costs i. E. Maintenance and replacement that are associated with wood are included, Recycled Plastic Wood is more cost effective. It is also important to note that RPL can be recycled at the end of its useful life; thus making it superior to wood.