Popular Engineering Courses in India Agriculture Engineering

Agricultural Engineers execute engineering science in all tasks related to horticulture and agriculture. Job of an agricultural manipulate inject the activities not unlike as improvement in farm machinery, rural electrification, new technologies, designs, farm structures, bio - gas, conservation of soil, kind the quality of agricultural products and preserving the water resources. Engineers also review closest the specialized functioning of all agricultural related activities. Students who study agricultural engineering courses may use their information of agricultural systems and biological function in increasing the productivity of food and other agriculture products and to keep the environment safe at the identical time.

Eligibility for Gaining Credence in Top Agriculture Engineering Courses of India

Top engineering colleges in India procure specialize course of agriculture engineering from where students can pursue B. E / B. Tech bachelor degree courses or diploma in agriculture engineering courses. To become qualified agriculture engineer one can take admission in agricultural engineering colleges after 12th examination with subjects like Mathematics, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry. Agricultural courses are available at two levels, students can either take admission in agricultural engineering schools and can pursue bachelor degree courses, or they can pursue post graduate degree courses in agriculture. Diploma courses are also available in college of agricultural engineering or polytechnics.

Selection Basis among Best Agricultural Engineering Colleges of India

Selection in agricultural courses depends on the following points:

1. Marks secured in the final examination of 10 + 2 with science subjects

2. Entrance exams done on the state and national level

Duration of Agricultural Engineering in India

Graduation ( BE / B. Tech ) in agricultural courses are of four years duration however, diploma in agriculture courses is of 2 - 3 years duration. The agriculture courses cover agriculture sciences, Soil conservation, irrigation practices, drainage method, firm machinery, agriculture sciences, dairy engineering etc.

Top Agricultural Engineering Institutes in India

The best Agricultural Engineering Colleges in India are listed below:

Indian Institute of Technology ( New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, and Chennai )

Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi

Global Institute of Intellectual Property, Delhi

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, New Delhi

T V B School of Habitat Studies, New Delhi

Vastu Kala Academy, New Delhi

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Employment Opportunities after Completing Agricultural Engineering from Top Engineering Institutes of India

Agriculture Engineering is considered as the good career opportunity which includes equipment research and design, product engineering, environmental consulting, facilities design, and engineering management. Companies where agriculture engineers can find professional opportunities are minor irrigation corporation, National Seed Corporation of India, National Diary Development Board, Agriculture Research Organization, Food Corporation of India, Agriculture University, agro industry, Nationalized Bank, Diary and food industries, Agriculture machinery manufacturing organization, tea gardens etc. Students who are pursuing Agriculture Engineering can consider that job in fields of engineering are available in huge number. Agriculture engineering students can find employment in given areas:

Government Sector such as municipal corporations, railways, and telecommunications departments, etc.

Private companies

Public Sector organisations

Research organisations and laboratories

As commissioned officers in the defence services

As technical experts on engineering projects in banks and financial corporations

An engineer can set up his / her own small unit / company or consultancy

Peru News Agriculture Developments

A superior part of Peru ' s economy revolves around agriculture. Peru is primarily famous for the potato. Peru is the locus of origin for the potato, which means that agricultural experts think potatoes were first grown and cultivated in Peru. As selfsame, the country has more types of potato than anywhere too many. However, Peru has a lively agricultural area face of potatoes as well. This article is a summary of recent agriculture news from Peru.

Peru has experimental a dramatic growth in the export and value of the piquillo pepper. A piquillo pepper is a type of chili which is small in size and has a sweet and spicy ginger. In Spanish, the name means " little beak. " Between January and April 2011, the value of pequillo pepper exports was nearly 110 percent higher than the same period in 2010. It grew from 8. 5 million dollars to 17. 9 million dollars, according to the Peruvian Ministry of Agriculture. The increase in the actual volume of exported pepper was 106 percent, from 4, 200 tons during the 2010 period to 8, 700 during the 2011 period. The main receivers of these exports are Spain with 76 percent, the United States, with 11 percent, Germany with 6 percent, and France with 2 percent.

Other agriculture news in Peru relates to the use of transgenic food, specifically genetically modified products ( or GMOs ). Many people in Peru are opposed to GMO food products, primarily because they want to keep Peru as a GMO - free zone in order to be able to sell products labeled that way, or labeled as organic. However, the president of the National Association of Corn and Sorghum Producers had some heavy hitting facts for the anti - GMOers: it is estimated that on averages every Peruvain eats about 63 kilograms of GMO products via corn, meat, and oils. This comes primarily from imports. Peru imports 60 percent of its corn, about 1. 9 million tons, each year.

And finally, other food products making news in Peru is coffee. Peru is one of the most important coffee - producing countries; over 80 percent of global manufacturers use coffee beans from Peru. Coffee exports for 2011 brought in more 1 billion dollars. Although other South American countries are better known for their coffee, Peru is the sixth largest coffee - producing country, but demand for the product in - country is low, leaving more for export. More than 100 companies export coffee seed from Peru. So next time you take a trip to Peru, be sure to grab some coffee to bring back as a gift.

Online Agriculture Career Prep and Training Alternatives

Trick hunting to be able to tuck nearest your education required for a profession inside farming, there are a digit of alternatives for college students for you to regulate on coming from. Instruction can be ended by way of several on - line schools and colleges, permitting students to get the particular important skills with out kick-off the particular luxuries double o home. On the net farming diploma packages are oftentimes obtainable with totally a few amounts gun training, and also coursework can get ready students to get in into the labourforce. Going following an agricultural education can expound students to execute a numeral of tasks in connection with their distinct career. Students can motivate the particular venture by smartly looking into their particular possibilities before sign up in the academic education program on - line.

one. Practicing for hunk career within farming might be performed via on - line applications that confess students to review from their very own amusement through nearly anyplace. Educational possibilities may include generating a range of certifications in the scholar as well as undergrad degree. Students will really need to make a decision should they would prefer to make an affiliate, bachelor ' s, as well as get better at stage degree before enrollment. Instruction can last anywhere from 2 to 6 a long time based on the particular person pupils profession goals. While hunting to be able to pursue a career in connection with farming college students ought to make sure that they sign up inside the plan that can present all of them with all the coursework necessary to achieve the skills to achieve success.

2. Certain regions of review will be different depending on the particular degree of education the college students selects for you to acquire along with the on the web school as well as university involving sign up. Coursework might include learning themes such as marketing, dog biology, grow scientific disciplines, overall costs, hydroponics, garden engineering, and also far more. Students can also pick in order to specialize in particular areas that will allowed them to understand chicken scientific disciplines, global farming industry, dog husbandry, along with numerous various other appropriate studies. Simply by attaining a great online schooling over these subject matter, pupils will likely be happy to find work in a quantity of thrilling locations, and also follow the actual career with their goals.

Three. Any time searching in order to follow the profession inside farming students could look to several fascinating occupations within this subject. Studies will permit students to enter into professions working because agricultural instructors, agribusiness administrators, canine producers, garden greenhouse supervisors, plant farmers, as well as a lot of other similar professions. Using a degree in this particular discipline students could access professions throughout animal as well as foodstuff technology, garden procedures, everything brokering, as well as a lot extra. Pupils may search for your system which will very best make these to meet his or her profession and academic goals since farming experts.

Doing informative education software programs will allow students to enter into the labor force prepared for their careers. A number of systems have complete qualification, which gives colleges along with schools using substantiation they provide a top quality education to students. You ' ll find agencies like the DETC ( http: / / www. detc. org / ) that happen to be in a position to completely accredit on line studying packages. College students should look in to the approved on - line farming profession preparing and training possibilities before sign up in order to obtain the very best training available to them.

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Part - Time Farming An Agricultural Self - Reliance

Recently, urban agriculture has gained much consideration across the globe. This not onliest allows you to enjoy farming and gardening in the comfort of your home. Urban agriculture is also a great technique to enact total urban self - reliance.

When we prate about farming, the first image that comes to soundness is a massive spread of land. But today, you can have your own mini - farm partly anywhere. You don ' t need much space for it. You can have it in your front paddock, back yard, rooftop, garage, empty lot or window boxes.

Once you decided on where to set it up, the next step is to choose the seeds and seedlings. Many crops are seasonal. Some thrive exclusively during the warm weather condition such as sweet corn, tomato and cucumber. There are also some that thrive only in the cold weather like broccoli, cabbage and asparagus.

For an increased productivity of your mini - farm, it is extremely important to choose the right crops. If you plant a particular season ' s crop in another season, more often than not, the crop dies out. But knowing the right kind of crop to plant will prevent wastage of effort and money.

Another couple of aspects to consider in choosing the seeds are the amount of time that you can devote and your level of skill in farming. For beginners, they can try herbs, chilies or tomatoes. These plants are easy to cultivate and maintain.

The next step is choosing and buying your pots and containers. Pots are advisable if you are going to plant in the balcony or garage. In case you intend to sow your seeds in your front yard or garden, you have two options. You can dig up the ground or use pots for your seeds to grow.

Once the seeds are sowed, all you need to do is water them every day. Remove the weeds, dried leaves and small insects from your plants. To produce greener and healthier crops, place them where they can get a good amount of sunlight.

Urban agriculture is not only an interesting hobby. It also guarantees you fresh and organic harvest. Planting your own vegetables saves you a lot of money, too. This is how urban agriculture makes you self - reliant.

For more information on urban farming and urban survival, you may visit us at our website by clicking the link below.

Oniango sees urgent need for food biotechnology in Africa

Food Biotechnology Can Help Small - Scale Farmers Increase Food Production and Moisten Hunger

Twenty - five percent of the undernourished people in the developing world are located in sub - Saharan Africa; and according to FAO, approximately 35 percent of the population in 14 countries in this region are chronically undernourished. However, efforts to lower hunger have been devolving on by a shortage of arable land, inadequate rainfall, low soil fertility and the devastating effects of plant pests and diseases.

" I ' ve been saddened. I ' ve gotten frustrated at the levels of hunger, levels of food insecurity on this continent, food crises one nearest another, " says The Honorable Ruth Oniang ' o, a piece of the Parliament of Kenya and Professor of Food Science and Store at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. " We have not always been food impregnable. I think what has happened is we have not kept up with the world events, with the technologies. And I don ' t know of any country, which developed without using science and technology. "

Increasing or intensifying food production is key to reducing hunger in sub - Saharan Africa, where 50 - 75 percent of the population and labor force is engaged in agriculture. Most of the African people earn their living by producing food, which means a family ' s income - earning potential is closely linked to agricultural productivity. Increases in agricultural productivity also positively impact rural economies by increasing food availability, reducing food prices in local markets, and generating an increased demand for other products linked to agriculture.

" And so I believe that it is incumbent on our government and on our scientists to bring a technology, which can address a small - scale farmer, " says Dr. Oniang ' o, founder and executive director of Rural Outreach Program a not - for - profit organization that undertakes development activities aimed at improving the livelihoods of the rural poor in Kenya, more than 55 percent of whom live below the poverty line. " They need different kinds of information, and I believe that science has now come up with this technology biotechnology. I ' m not saying it ' s going to be a magic bullet, but surely it should be one of the major approaches to use. "

Using food biotechnology, researchers can provide protection against plant pests and diseases through the seed, requiring small - scale farmers to use few if any additional inputs or machinery. Modern food biotechnology has been identified as the most potent technology for rescuing Africa from the effects of food shortages, just as the Green Revolution did for the countries of Southeast Asia in the 1970s.

" And, we already have situations where we know this is working. In South Africa, I ' m aware and I ' ve been there it is working. You know, when we ' re hungry, we actually import maize from South Africa. So for us to sit here telling ourselves oh, we don ' t want biotech food, and we can ' t bring this to our farmers it is not right, " continues Oniang ' o, who has influenced research, development and discourse on food security and nutrition in Africa, as well as globally.

Organic Food As a Fast - Growing Segment of US Agriculture

Lately organic food is gaining deference, the trend being stable for at leading five years. The recent research conducted by the Food Marketing Institute provides proof that majority of American human race buy organic food at pristine once a month.

This segment of US agriculture shows rapid growth. Onliest in 2007 organic food retailers earned more than 20 billion dollars. The daybook growth of organic dairy industry is estimated to be 18 percent by the year 2010.

Let us have a reconnaissance at the main idea beneath organic food production, i. e. using materials and practices that could improve the ecological balance of natural systems. We cannot be absolutely sure that organic products are free of residues yet there are best practices involved in production that are directed at minimizing pollution from air, soil and water. And organic food production is controlled y strict state and federal standards, too.

Thus mostly people tend to treat organic food as that which is devoid of fertilizers or pesticides. Nonetheless the United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) labelled food as organic if it is 95 percent pure.

Sometimes products contain only 70 percent of organic materials or even less. This kind of food cannot be called organic but it can be labelled " made with organic ingredients ". Thus you should differentiate between these forms of products at the supermarket.

De facto non - organic practices in the USA release more than one billion pounds of pesticides. The USDA ' s tests prove that organic products contain three or four times less pesticide residues than in conventionally produced fruits and vegetables.

And conventional practices in agriculture can result in water contamination. According to Environmental Working Group ' s research that was conducted back in 1955 across the Corn Belt, in Louisiana and Maryland, scientists concluded that tap water pesticide contamination was at health risk levels. The solution was in organic farming methods, as well as developing the soil.

It is important to notice that the term organic has another meaning than organic. Sometimes food producers seeking higher sales and good reputation make tricks by labelling their food as natural as it does not comply to organic food standards.

The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) allows using the term natural for food that does not contain any added colourings, artificial ingredients or synthetic substances.

That is why more and more non - organic producers try to present their products as good for health and thus, in 2008, about one third of all new US food and beverage products were labelled with the word " natural ".

Online Agriculture Career Preparation and Training Options

When looking to pursue the education needed for a career in agriculture, there are a amount of options for students to choose from. Training can be complete through various online schools and colleges, allowing students to gain the essential skills without square one the comforts of home. Online agriculture degree programs are available at several levels of education, and coursework will prepare students to enter into the workforce. Pursuing an agricultural education can imbue students to bring out a unit of tasks related to their specific career. Students can start the path by researching their options monastic to enrollment in an educational training program online.

1. Training for a career in agriculture can be done through online programs that grant students to study at their own squeak from unbiased about anywhere. Educational options can receive earning a variety of degrees at the graduate and undergraduate level. Students will need to decide if they would like to earn an associate, bachelor, or master level degree prior to enrollment. Training can last anywhere from two to six years based on the individual students career goals. When looking to pursue a career related to agriculture students should make sure they enroll in the program that will provide them with the coursework needed to gain the skills to succeed.

2. Specific areas of study will vary based on the level of education the students chooses to obtain and the online school or college of enrollment. Coursework may consist of learning subjects like marketing, animal biology, plant science, economics, hydroponics, agricultural engineering, and more. Students can also choose to specialize in certain areas which will allow them to learn poultry science, global agricultural trade, animal husbandry, and many other relevant studies. By gaining an online education in these subjects, students will be prepared to seek employment in a number of exciting areas, and pursue the career of their dreams.

3. When looking to pursue a career in agriculture students can look forward to a number of exciting professions in this field. Studies will allow students to enter into careers working as agricultural professors, agribusiness managers, animal farmers, greenhouse managers, vegetable farmers, and many other related professions. With a degree in this field students can enter into careers in animal and food science, agricultural operations, commodities brokering, and much more. Students can seek out the program that will best prepare them to meet their career and educational goals as agriculture professionals.

Completing educational training programs will allow students to enter into the workforce ready for their careers. Some programs carry full accreditation, which provides schools and colleges with proof that they offer a quality education to students. There are agencies like the DETC ( http: / / www. detc. org / ) that are able to fully accredit online learning programs. Students should look into the accredited online agriculture career preparation and training options prior to enrollment in order to gain the best education available to them.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERIC OUTLINE and may or may not depict precise methods, courses and / or focuses related to ANY ONE specific school ( s ) that may or may not be advertised at PETAP. org.

Copyright 2010 - All rights reserved by PETAP. org.

Poverty Eradication In Nigeria Through Agriculture And Enterprise Revolution

Africas most populous nation had an overwhelmingly agricultural economy during the hundred years spent under British colonial rule since 1860, and well into the first decade nearest its independence.

In the 1960s Nigeria was the worlds second largest causation of cocoa, the largest exporter of palm oil and a principal ground and exporter of cotton, rubber and groundnut. Working acknowledged equipment and practices, Nigerian peasants contributed 70 % of export revenue and 60 % of GDP in the corresponding period1. The total food requirement was met midpoint entirely by local produce and agricultural imports were to the bare minimum.

Case poles apart too much with the oil boom of the 1970s, as the description of capacious oil and gas resources in the strategically pregnant sub - Saharan nation rancid its fortunes drive. The windfall transformed Nigerias agricultural landscape into a gigantic oil field crisscrossed by more than 7, 000 km of pipelines connecting 6, 000 oil wells, two refineries, innumerable flow stations and export terminals.

The colossal investments in the sector paid off, with unofficial estimates suggesting Abuja raked in more than $600 billion in petrodollars in the last decade alone.

Unfortunately, the obsession with non - renewables over all other sectors of the economy eventually rancid Nigerias boon into a bane. Newfound assets spawned political instability and massive corruption in government circles, and the country was rent asunder by decades of unrestrained civil hostility and later military coups. Agriculture was one of the first casualties of the oil regime, and by the 1990s, sprouting accounted for righteous 5 % of GDP2. Farming modernisation and support king-size to hang in low on the catalogue of national priorities as capacious stretches of rural Nigeria gradually plunged into poverty and food scarcity. Deforestation, soil erosion and industrial pollution further hastened the down - spiral of agriculture to the point where it ended up as a provision animation.

The fall of Nigerian agriculture coincided with the collapse of its macroeconomic and human development indicators. With income distribution concentrated on a few urban pockets, the majority of rural Nigeria was left reeling under massive poverty, unemployment and food shortages. A widening urban - rural divide sparked social unrest and mass migration into towns and cities. Organised urban crime became as real a security threat as militancy in the Niger Delta region. Nigeria plummeted to the bottom in world economic rankings and Africas most populous nation acquired the unhappy distinction of having more than half ( 54 % ) of its 148 million people living in abject poverty3. The World Bank coined the term Nigerian Paradox specifically to describe the unique condition of extreme underdevelopment and poverty in a country brimming with resources and potential. The country was ranked 80th in a 2007 UNDP poverty survey covering 108 countries.

The transition to democratic civilian rule at the end of the last century paved the way for an enthusiastic programme of economic reform and restructuring. Abujas urgency for inclusive growth was much in evidence in the adoption of an ambitious blueprint designed to reverse trends and jumpstart a stagnating economy. The Vision 2020 document adopted under former president O Obsanjo lays out broad parameters for sustainable development with the specific goal of instating Nigeria as a global economic superpower in a time - bound manner. The 2020 goals are in addition to Nigerias commitment to the UN Millennial Declaration of 2000 that proposes universal basic human rights by 2015.

The realisation of these allied and intertwined objectives depends entirely on Abujas ability to bring about inclusive growth by means of an entrepreneurial revolution, while simultaneously correcting massive infrastructural shortages and administrative anomalies. Economies usually begin expanding with an initial agricultural revolution: The case of Nigeria however calls for agriculture to be part of a larger enterprise revolution that efficiently leverages the nations extensive resources and human capital.

The intricacy of issues involved here is reflected in the fact that the National Poverty Eradication Programme of 2001 identifies agriculture and rural development as its primary area of interest. The fact that all development has to begin from the bottom - up cannot be overemphasised in the context of Nigeria, where a farming boom can ensure not just food supply and exports but also provide industrial raw materials and a market for products.

Agricultural expansion is key to Nigerias economic prosperity and long - term goals, especially considering its massive poverty - eradication challenge. The following are some of the most urgent prerequisites to coordinating a successful agricultural revolution:

* Active promotion and establishment of agro - based industries that generate employment, sustain local food requirements and encourage exports.

* Effective steps to modernise and diversify the agricultural economy as a means of buttressing entrepreneurial growth in ancillary sectors.

* Institution of a tariff system that promotes local produce against cheaper imports, together with the removal of institutional barriers against agricultural profitability.

* Subsidies on technologically advanced farm equipment and practices that help boost productivity without any adverse ecological side effects.

* An umbrella poverty alleviation programme designed specifically to promote agrarian reforms while simultaneously improving the quality of life in rural communities.

* Enhanced access to agricultural enterprise loans through a network of regulated lending institutions sympathetic to farming realities.

* Adult education programmes designed to help Nigerian farmers upgrade to locally relevant but modern methods of cultivation, marketing and distribution.

* Encouragement of both public and private sector agricultural research aimed at correcting technological constraints faced by local farming communities.

If Nigerias agricultural potential is enormous, it is partly because more than 90 % of its 91 million hectares of total land area is arable4. While soil fertility is generally estimated on the lower side, the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation ( FAO ) predicts medium to high yields across the country with optimal utilisation of resources. Combined with Nigerias substantial rural population traditionally involved in agriculture, this projection translates to gigantic prospects in terms of agricultural productivity and, by extension, economic resurgence.

For a nation emerging out of a troubled past and struggling to attain social, political and economic stability, the ideals of agricultural and entrepreneurial revolution hold vitally important. Because they are also inextricably linked in the Nigerian context, the countrys future position on the world economic stage depends literally on the bounty of its harvest.

Robotics, Artificial Intelligence And The Possibilities

The history of human progress is a testimonial to the strong long that man has always had to make his life more rich. Every distortion ever conceived has been designed to make life virtuous a skimpy bit better. Instruments have been false for every labor from agriculture, hunting, construction, transportation and precise entertainment. The long for an easier existence for a few has also led to a few bad ideas comparable as struggle, military gain, corruption and other manners of exploiting people.

Point many utensils and machines have been concocted throughout history, they have principally been of use in extending or enhancing the capabilities of the person using them. The furthest desire of having artificial helpers and companions and the attempts to create them have a long history. We now have many machines and specialized devices that operate automatically with humanlike skill for a wide span of routine tasks on command,

But the making of a fully autonomous appliance that resembles a human has in future to be realized although it may be closer than most people imagine.

Man started out by inventing instruments, from implements evolved machinery and most recently in human history do we have programmable functioning machinery. The next step is self - refining, self - adaptive and reprogrammable machinery to image robotics terminal ambition: to create a machine which has equivalent capacity of a human. The refinements in technology that are necessary to create a fully functional robot are not so much founded in the physical design but rather in the development of artificial intelligence ( AI ).

Whether people realize it or not, we are surrounded by examples of artificial intelligence. Voice activated customer services, the GPS system in your car, the airport scheduling system that chooses the gate where your will disembark when your plane lands, most video games and even the software to write this article contains some form of Artificial Intelligence.

Right now, we are well into the period of Narrow AI which refers to artificial intelligence that performs a useful and specialized function that once required human intelligence to perform and executes those functions at human levels or better. Often Narrow AI systems greatly exceed the speed of humans as well as provide the ability to manage and take into account thousands of variables simultaneously.

The market for Narrow AI applications in 2007 was estimated to be over 21 billion dollars. A small list of areas where Narrow AI is currently being used includes

Defense and Intelligence

Space Exploration

Medicine

Science and Math

Business

Finance

Manufacturing

Language and Speech

Entertainment and Sports

While Narrow AI gives machines the ability to perform specific tasks, what is needed to develop and construct a fully functioning robot is Strong AI. Although there is no total agreement on what defines Strong AI, most researchers in the area of artificial intelligence agree that the properties of Strong AI should include the following:

" Ability to reason, strategize and make judgments under uncertain conditions

" Ability to represent knowledge including knowledge that is categorized as common sense

" Ability to plan and learn

" Ability to communicate in a natural language

" Ability to integrate all the above skills

Development in the area of Strong AI draws upon tools from three main areas: first, on what is currently known about the brain; second, based on the decades of research in Narrow AI; third, reverse engineering of the brain. Many tools have been developed and are emerging that provides the spatial and temporal resolution necessary to produce adequate data from extremely accurate scanning and sensing of neurons and neural components.

For a human being, the learning process required to master the knowledge necessary to function in any scientific area is decades. For a robot with artificial intelligence, learning will be just a matter of the time required to download the information from one machine to another. Once a human level of artificial intelligence is reached then technological advances in all areas will accelerated at an incredible exponential rate.

From the physical aspect, the development of a human like robot is much closer to being realized. In many depictions of robots in science fiction they are metallic and awkward but current technology already exists that can create an almost human appearing robot. In Japan, a new artificial outer covering gives the feel of real human skin by covering a 1 - cm thick " dermis " of elastic silicone with a 0. 2 - mm thick " epidermis " of firm urethane. Countless tiny hexagonal indentations etched into the urethane epidermis provide it with a very realistic texture.

On the other hand, advances in medical technology are creating many artificial parts to replace some of our worn out or broken biological parts. Today, knee, hip and shoulder replacements are common. Artificial limbs are used by many who have lost their original ones. Advances will continue at a rapid pace so that in the near future we may be able to replace any organ or limb with a new and improved one. Some scientists hypothesize that all the information and memories in our brain may one day be downloadable. It seems possible that one day we may reach a point where the distinction between human and robot becomes too close to distinguish.

Robots have long been dreamed of as helpers and companions to enhance the lives of humans. Could it also be possible that the inadvertent direction of robotics will be, not to replace humans, but perhaps the next step in human evolution?

Recruitment by BPSC, UPPSC and MPPSC

Government jobs are the buzzword amongst the prime of today. Majority of them choose government jobs over private jobs. However, it is not no problem to get through. One has to face the onerous entrance exams and interviews, before bagging a high post in the government sector. To make things easier, the government has allotted the recruitments to many commissions like Bihar Public Service Commission ( BPSC ), Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission ( UPPSC ) and Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission ( MPPSC ). These commissions assure the entry of the best candidate and equal representation of tribe for all states of India.

Bihar Public Service Commission: * Bihar Public Service Commission ( BPSC ) has been habituated the boundness to conscript capable candidates for various posts in the state government. The whack is divided into prelims and mains. This is followed by an vacation. * The main eligibility criteria to exercise for allotment trial run offered by BPSC is that the candidate must have a degree in parcel of these subjects: Natural Science; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Mechanical Engineering; Civil Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Agriculture or Economics. * The candidate between the age group of 19 years to 24 years can apply for the exam. Candidates beyond or below this age are not be accepted. In special cases, relaxations are provided. * The main subjects for BPSC exams are General Knowledge, Maths and English. A candidate who lacks knowledge in any of these three main subjects cannot clear the BPSC exam.

Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission ( UPPSC ) * The UPPSC has grown since tremendously and continues to recruit the best candidates. The commission presently has a camp office in the state capital - Lucknow and disposes over lakh applications every year at its computerized office. * It recruits candidates through Interview, exam and interview, screening test and interview, prelims, mains and interview. Also responsible for promotions, disciplinary actions, service rules, advice to Uttar Pradesh Government. * Candidates must prepare thoroughly for the UUPSC exam. One must avoid the answers that he / she is unsure about. There is negative marking in the exam. * Great importance is given to general knowledge. For all the posts offered by UUPSC, one must be thorough with the current affairs of India.

Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission ( MPPSC ): * The main function of MPPSC is to choose the most capable candidates out of the thousands who appear for the exam and recruit the best out of them. MPPSC is well known for its unbiased modes of recruitment. * MPPSC does not confine its work to mere recruitments. Every year, it comes up with different strategies to improve the recruitment method. Also, it advices the Madhya Pradesh Government on various issues related to recruitment. * All the information regarding the MPPSC exams is available in the official website of MPPSC. Also, you can get link to the question papers for preparation.

Therefore, Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission ( MPPSC ), Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission ( UPPSC ) and Bihar Public Service Commission ( BPSC ) are all well known commissions which aim at recruiting capable candidates for the state work. However, candidates chosen by them can also apply for posts in central government.

Download syllabus for BPSC, get tips for UPPSC and MPPSC at jagranjosh. com