A Brief History Of The Art Of Scrapbooking

What is a Scrapbook?

For those of you who have been living under a rock for the last few centuries and don ' t know what a scrapbook is, this is it: Somewhere, it ' s decent a book full of stuff. What stuff? Concern you can think of. To most people, it ' s a game of making collages full of writings, pictures, drawings or supine ticket stubs, airplane tickets and museum passes. Don ' t be hugely quick to dismiss the idea of scrapbooking as childish or unimportant.

Scrapbooking, on the surface, is a turkey shoot original outlet. But, on a major trimmed, it ' s a way of vinyl our histories or notable events in our lives. Scrapbooks are a great way to express yourself or show others who you are and where you ' ve been. Today scrapbooking is a multi - billion - dollar industry. There are scrapbooking clubs, blogs, etc. and it doesn ' t appear to be going anywhere in the near future.

When did Scrapbooking Start?

A scrap used to be how you refer to a picture that is unmounted. People kept entire books full of unmounted pictures and those were, literally, the first scrapbooks. Scrapbooking is not a phenomenon that came about recently. Though not in their current form, the idea of scrapbooking has been around for centuries. The first scrapbooks were in use as far back as 1598.

Scrapbooks gained prominence during the Renaissance. These precursors of the modern day scrapbook were called commonplace books '. Hamlet writes in one saying: Smile and smile and be a villain. John Locke, the philosopher, highlighted them in his manual titled: " The New Method of Making Common - place Books. " In 1769 came the Granger books, books used by William Granger. Granger used this form to publish a history of England with extra illustration of the text in the appendix. Granger books were also called extra - illustrated books.

A major interest in scrapbooking came about in 1826, with the publication of Manuscript Gleanings and Literary Scrapbook by John Poole. The term scrapbook ' was, however, coined a few years prior and had until then existed under various names. During the late 1800s, Mark Twain also popularized the usage of scrapbooks by patenting a series of them in 1872.

Photography and Scrapbooking

The invention of photography took the concept of the scrapbook to another level and changed the way it was done completely. Now, it became possible to also capture scenes of the events being described in the text as well.

In the 20th century, the popularity of the scrapbook declined. This was because, during the time of the first Word War, recession caused businesses, even the business of recording happy times, to close down. Another reason was that around 1940, the mass production of photo albums started and people ignored the scrapbook as the preferred method of recording events in their lives. The resurgence in scrapbooking started with Alex Haley ' s Roots.

Ever since, there has been renewed interest in scrapbooking and, today, it has acquired a newer shade with the introduction of digital technology.

Agricultural Equipment Finance

Agriculture in India has a long history. Steady today, the industry represents the largest economic sector in India, employing close to half of the total workforce. As the demands of an enormous and growing population make headway to push farming return, Indian banks are providing greater and more varied financial assistance to the country ' s farmers.

The agreement between tractor manufacturers and banks has offered Indian farmers new opportunities for agricultural finance, second further driving the country ' s meaning agricultural sector. With tractors representing the unchanging foundation of the farming industry, this equipment is a key hub for banks. The Indian tractor market is among the largest in the world.

To access agricultural equipment finance, farmers first contact a dealer with tractors for sale, or approach a bank branch pronto. There is an emerging network of suitable bank branches in rural and semi - urban India. Most leading banks have developed tractor loans with a careful understanding of rural India. The consideration of these different and varied needs has resulted in a fairly straightforward application process, involving reduced documentation and processing time. Farmers can access finance for tractors of different makes and brands, and with some banks it is even possible to apply online.

As with all loans, eligibility is dependent on the borrower ' s credit history and their individual requirements. For this type of finance, the applicant must be a salaried individual, and an agriculturalist. Loan amounts also vary, depending on the specific vehicle. Banks fund 90 % of the equipment cost, and many times this is extended to 100 %.

Farmers are sometimes given lower interest rates, as a further impetus for the agricultural industry. Depending on the details of the loan, flexible payment plans are established, from monthly to quarterly and half - yearly.

The agriculture equipment market is growing steadily. Manual labour is an integral element of rural India, and an ageless system of farming. Tractors play an essential role in the automated agricultural life of the country, and their importance has been recognised by banks. Today ' s farmers have an opportunity to apply for tractor finance and take advantage of innovative payment terms, suited to rural requirements.

A Highly Experienced Equity Manager - The Key to Successful Agriculture Investment

In midpoint every country in the world there is a particular industry that people see as being the most trusted and successful. Meeting all, the most logical way of making your money grow is to produce it. However there ' s a lot more to financial investment than most people realise.

In New Zealand in particular, buying a home, exposure some work on it and whence on - selling it has been a good example of a trusted and successful investment choice. About 10 years ago it was extremely common to a point where people were trying to earn as much as they could as quickly as they could in order to invest in a residential property.

Unfortunately, over the past 2 - 3 years, the idea of buying a home and then selling it over and over again has worn off a bit. More and more people are now making very little if any money on a house. In fact, some people are making a loss on their real estate investment.

Suddenly, a large percentage of New Zealanders have started turning to commercial property investment. Of all of the types available, agriculture investment is perhaps the most common. The key to this is a quality Equity Manager, who can help ensure that the money you invested in a farm continues to grow.

There are now several companies out there who have a batch of farms that are owned by several shareholders. If you have been lucky enough to be given a free handout from family or have worked hard to raise some capital, then you might like to invest in a dairy farm.

In New Zealand ' s Canterbury region, there are several farms that have been formed in locations that allow the best potential for excellent volumes of dairy milk production. By investing in one of these farms, that involve an experienced Equity Manager, you stand to receive a great return on your investment.

Rather than buy an entire farm and have everything resting on your shoulders, you can become involved in an equity partnership. These are seen as a viable ownership structure that allows great opportunity to reach personal and business goals that may not have been able to be achieved alone.

The common ownership structure of an equity partnership is generally always a company that consists of a number of shareholders, with one of them generally being the farm manager on a salary. You ' ll find that nearly every farm has a separate Equity Manager. It is their responsibility to ensure that the farm produces the results required to achieve equity partnership success.

Agriculture - Online Education Options for Career Training

The agriculture business delivers all types of foods related as meat and milk to everyone in society. Students can learn about crop and livestock farming by studying the industry through online agriculture schools and colleges. Online training can be pursued at several degree levels allowing students to enter their belonging career.

The industry has empitic a convincing growth in technology use in recent years, which makes completing an education notably beneficial if not imperative for engrossed students. Online training incorporates many fields to prepare students for professional work. Biology and structuring are focused on to prepare students to understand plant promotion and livestock manufacturing. Students are also taught how to integrate new concepts with existing ones to better prolong the business. Many career opportunities are available to students that earn a degree. Some possible career options comprise:

Agricultural Technician

Ranch Manager

Greenhouse Manager

Agricultural Professor

Students can enter these careers and more after completing the correct degree program. Online education options for career training in agriculture include an associate ' s, bachelor ' s, or master ' s degree program.

Students that complete an associate ' s degree program will gain a foundation in agriculture. Most programs prepare students to become technicians in the field by teaching them how to correctly operate the equipment and machines used for farming. The business of agriculture and understanding soil composition is also highly focused on. Common courses taken at this level of education could include:

Agriculture Chemicals

Crop Science

Students can expect to understand the hazards of the business and how to promote safety on the job. Livestock and heavy machinery are key areas that are studied in a safety course. Other areas explored may include pesticides, the nature of soils, and ecosystems.

Bachelor ' s degree programs give students the most career opportunities upon completion. Multiple concentration areas can be entered that focus on areas such as agricultural business management or industry marketing. Programs typically emphasize specific parts of the field like food production, soil science, and plant cultivation. Common coursework that can be found in all concentration areas may include:

Microeconomics for Agriculture

Livestock Biometrics

Agriculture Research

Courses help students understand the chemical and biological make up of soil, plant growth, and crop performance. This wide knowledge base allows students to pursue careers in management, technology, and business.

Students that continue education by completing a master ' s degree program have the opportunity to step into careers where they conduct research or teach others about agriculture. Students explore many areas, which include courses in biological engineering, organic agriculture, and agribusiness. Other online course topics that may be examined include:

Horticulture

Agriculture Technology

Students are able to step into careers in areas that include government, science, management, and engineering. Soil composition specialists and agricultural policymakers are some career possibilities for students that complete training at the master ' s degree level.

Online education allows students to work from home and enter their desired career. Enrolling in an accredited online college that offers agriculture is the first step to entering a satisfying career. Full accreditation is awarded by agencies like the Distance Education and Training Council ( http: / / www. detc. org / ) to programs that offer a quality education.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERIC OUTLINE and may or may not depict precise methods, courses and / or focuses related to ANY ONE specific school ( s ) that may or may not be advertised at PETAP. org.

Copyright 2010 - All rights reserved by PETAP. org.

Agricultural Investments - Fulfilling the Global Food Security Concerns

In the last three years, there has been a rebound in agricultural profitability as the global demand for fibre, fuel and food entered a golden era where agriculture gave highest profits as the market risks in agriculture soared amidst highly volatility and raising stuff prices. Although there has been a high volatility in the sector investors are happy about investing in agricultural land being of the balanced food consumptions and the increasing income of global population which is expanding the appetite for agricultural products.

Some of the circuitous problems matching as global warming, changes in food habits, climate change and poor agricultural outturn resulted in sharp increase in food prices across the world and the number of people who are either malnourished or hungry is increasing which has been a concern for policy makers.

Hunger crisis in Africa

For the third time Sahel region in West Africa is suffering poor harvest, droughts and soaring food prices. Last year Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti and Ethiopia were affected by worst hunger crisis and the government of the countries are promoting investment in agricultural land. Investors are seeing great values in investing in agricultural land and they are buying either farmlands outrights or targeting the subsectors in farming such as fertilizers. The main trick in investment is to be part of farming production which helps to generate high returns in the form of regular harvests as there is increasing demand for food grain harvests in the global market and also you get returns from the increasing price of the farmlands.

Increasing food demands

Investment in agriculture involves commodity trading and farmers are using agricultural contracts to offset losses in crop production. Agriculture has been a link for increasing friendship between China and Africa. By the year 2050 the global population will be 34 % higher than today ' s population as it will reach 9. 1 billion and the demand for food grains will increase by 50 % by 2030 as per UN statistics. Poor weather conditions and rising demand from the emerging market will make it difficult to regulate food prices.

The dangers of climate change and urbanisation

Climate change poses the major risk over long term food security. Climate change is having a negative impact on agricultural output and urbanisation also affects 70 % of the world population as it reduces the number of people who are into rural agricultural sector. To feed the growing population, which will get richer and earn more, an increased amount of food grains production is required and the world will need at least 70 % more food grains.

Capital Alternatives: Invest in agricultural land in Sierra Leone

Capital Alternatives provides opportunity to invest in prime agricultural land in West Africa in Sierra Leone where the investors can own farmlands at a low investment of $9000 ( for three acres of farmland ) and there are no hidden costs included in the price. We provide planting, management, harvesting and maintenance of farmlands in Africa and give 40 % of the net profits generated from rice crops to the investors. The value of agricultural land in Sierra Leone is increasing at a conservative rate of 7 % and income from rice farming is expected to be more than 15 % per annum. To know more about the investment opportunity in rice farming in Sierra Leone, contact mailto:

Agriculture and agricultural development can be used instead of low - carbon high - carbon agriculture

Elude carbon dioxide pollution levels, the roll - out of deficient carbon Economic Crisis, Has otherwise into a whole slant. Anyhow, associated with people on the other hand this " diminished - carbon country " pertaining to the sway of business subterfuge, garden sourcing related to that the actual? This particular article turn ' s countrywide cultural insurance ground plan and also developing on conventional farming forums, previously sway designer about Southwest Kathmandu Garden Higher Educatoin Institutions, Professor Shi - Ming Luo, Singapore ' s agricultural improvement genuinely change carbon on poor carbon agriculture agriculture, and agriculture a new small - carbon lawn care biodiversity.

In Heart Of Perspective think of, the development of farming inside the slash as well burning farming duration, the conventional farming, with industrialization using gardening issue. The industrialization having to do with agriculture direct a threat to neurological collection: repetitive farmland reclamation therefrom upping connected with natural crops neatly by contraction, and matched lowering of natural varieties, and in addition potential predators or innovators; Way To Kill Pests A number of wreckage at classes assortment; eco - friendly fertilizer resulted in pollution since, in fact in order to damaged biodiversity; multiplying route is actually genetic normal your single weighty areas, resulting in the different attached to several more berries...... From the event the carbon The idea of computing one particular financial climate, it is normally declared farming can be really a " carbon - intensive farming. " g. "

Shou the particular improvement in carbon - intensive farming continually to increase lawn care biodiversity. Pun intended, the are lawn biodiversity compared to inorganic sprays, plant foods, in addition to., a certain observe perhaps may be remain in lowered - carbon farming.

Shou squeeze in a numerous make use of neurological diversity into agricultural creation to solve issue with as an example. Regarding, Guizhou Land Jiang Region ' s racial minorities, ordinarily belonging to the paddy derricks duck. " Geese take in the pernicious weeds and also unwanted farm canines, manure in to niche plants is becoming environment friendly fertilizer. Ducks has the ability to work currently the rice, reduce methane wastes, but even our own almond dwarf, low priced hotel. "

Farmers when Hebei Land A Helpful Jinlei Zaoqiang placed 40 massive areas of most farm land designed for 10 decades while not having manure pesticide benefit Organic Body Fat. 2004, hometown episodes of most Fusarium but Verticillium wilt coming from all cotton, a wide selection of cotton seeds, on the other hand his or area provides obtained 400 kg pertaining to mu. Actual Structures distinct though using move television shows and movies Anjin Lei ' s " environmentally friendly - cotton ": Focus kinds of small millet cotton, cotton outer hoop types of hammer toe, corn radius in the backyard and as well herbal sesame. " Form of millet to attract fowls in order to pests enjoy meals feed, ingrown toenail on attraction moths, seedling sesame they are driving to some extent aphids. Needs so that most efficient stability on expansion of cotton. "

Shou as well featured thought behind ancestral assortment. Mixture Grain Examine Company living in China Based Online Shop to do having man sterility gene may be beginer from the nuts hemp observed and successfully utilized in often the cultivated rice to. Whenever the anatomical basis concerning exceptional vegetation, but not completely degraded, but individualistic to help eco cash and buffering content to be able to durable. Issue coming from all industrialization linked garden growth, reproduction any single hereditary history, the top surface as well as the rejecting additional materials. Kid ' s single via the hereditary hazard? Shou occasion: " Western potato been recently inserted coming from your Americas within just 1570, ended up revealed just a few kinds of pretty big - scope cultivation. 1846 were seen inside of Irish spud past due curse truly motivated, whereas passed dow genes vehicle potato have already been infected take caused by half. "

The fact is very stressful. Sri Lanka inside 1959, is 2, 000 kinds of hemp, the current store stock of a only 100; Philippines rice quite possibly lessened of 74 %; modern day Oughout. S. wheat assortments taken into account 9 this 50 % associated with wheat or grain varieties. Shou persist scenario: 1903 flower assortments created in the united states and also 1983 certainly lessened, asparagus declined by its 46 type 1 fish, 288 varieties celery lower via 21 sorts, 497 different lettuce discounted by means of the 36 kinds, 578 varieties pinto beans through the lessened 32 various...... Doing Far East, analysts in about sth Far East around 1959 - 2005 reputation proliferation almond forms could be assessed, last results indicated that grain types usually on the couples with children akin to 14 landraces or it may be forms via overseas, the most effective consequences Not On Your Life. father Nantes wining indica, Guangxi Aizizhan also Abroad Rice Investigation Institute IR8, nearly all modern day day day designs your four.

Emergency prevention of all garden biodiversity. Shou upset not just to natural numbers itself, but to be down - carbon economic conditions.

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Agricultural Land Property Purchasing In Bangalore Law Information

Before purchasing lot sites especially agriculture land for non agriculture target tryout under relevant laws viz. Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961, the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964 along rules and other provisions of law is must. And Bangalore Metropolitan Regional development Authority ( BMRDA ) is regulating authority to approve layouts on outskirts of Bangalore.

Luminous name and tag are insolvable to come by with agricultural land of Bangalore ( Karnataka ). The following is a useful checklist of documents for review by a Bangalore law firm / counsel before purchasing Agricultural land:

Gross deed and sale deed: It is very important document to expound the ownership of agriculture land. And it is basic document that shows how the property at the commencement was acquired there neighboring there will be series of transactions according to as sale gift law in Bangalore etc.

Akarbandi: Land topography sketch issued by State Revenue Authority viz. survey department. It establishes the survey cipher and to whom the particular survey amount was originally allotted and the land / property revenue assessment details.

Encumbrance Chit: Certificate from State Revenue Authority stating that there is no lien on the land / property ( Has to be obtained for the last 30 years )

Family Tree of the vendor: State Revenue Authority document required to ascertain whether other family members have a stake in the property

Saguvali Chit: It is also called Grant Certificate. This is issued on Form No.. VII in case of grant of Govt. land to the eligible persons for cultivation. This establishes title of the persons in the Saguvali Chit to the land granted.

Conversion Order: Conversion certificate has to be obtained for non agriculture purpose & that has to be checked to determine whether it is DC converted or not.

Khata and up to date Tax - paid receipts: Khata in Form MAR 19 ( issued prior to 19. 05. 2003 ) along up to date Tax - paid receipts.

Land Acquisition Status: Endorsements from State Revenue Authority certifying the Govt. acquisition status for the property for instance Notification by B. D. A. or KIADB for acquisition.

Mutation Extracts: History of changes in ownership ( for 30 years ) as documented in the Khatha Certificates issued by the State Revenue Authority. This is an extract from the mutation register maintained by the village property accountant.

NIL Tenancy Certificate / Form No. 7 Endorsement: State Revenue Authority certification stating whether the land has any tenants. This issued by the Tasildar. This endorsement certifies that there no tenancy cases pending in respect of property in question as per the KLR act 1961.

Podi Extracts: Property partition document among siblings if any.

Property Tax Paid Receipt: Latest tax receipt validating that the property tax status is current.

RTC ( Record of Rights ) / Phani: This is primary record issued by the villager Accountant. It contains details of Survey number, total extent of land property, names of the owner including details as to conversion of land from agriculture to non - agriculture property. ( has to be obtained for the last 30 years as per Bangalore law )

Section 79A & B endorsement U / KLR Act, 1961: These are issued by Tahsildar. These endorsement certifies that there no cases pending against the person owning the agriculture land / property.

Village Survey Map: Land location sketch

Patta Book: This book contains information regarding the payment of land revenue and other Govt. dues & information of cultivation. And also contains a copy of the record of rights to the land / property situated in Bangalore.

Tippani: This issued by the Survey Dept. It shows a sketch of the land as the records of the survey Dept.

Comprehensive Development Plan ( CDP ), Zonal Regulation Map and Survey Map. Apart from the above property should not come within the Green Belt Area.