History Impression of a Buenos Aires slaughterhouse by Charles Pellegrini, 1829. Since its formal system as a national entity in the second half of the 19th century, the country followed an agricultural and livestock export model of development with a goodly concentration of crops in the virile Pampas, particularly in and around Buenos Aires Province, as well as in the littoral of the Paran and Uruguay Rivers. principally limited to stock - raising activities and centerd around the export of cattle hides and wool, Argentine agriculture languished during the colonial era and well into the 19th century. The need for undue agriculture was recognized as early as 1776; but, aside from the yerba mate harvest in the northeast, attempts to flourish it suffered setbacks due to internal strife and lack of skill and machinery. The development of a stiff state touching 1852 led to the 1868 creation of Argentina ' s first Institute of Agronomy and the 1875 ascendancy of the first uncondensed grain shipment from Argentina to the United Dominion sparked a wave of local investment in produce and silos and British investment in railways and finance. The 1876 development of chilly beef shipping, expanded, led to the modernization of that sector and by the 1920s, Argentine exports reached US$1 billion annually, of which 99 % was agricultural. Maize and wheat had, by so, mainly overshadowed beef production and exports. These developments were accompanied by a wave of European immigration and investments in education and infrastructure, all of which almost reinvented Argentine society. Agricultural development, in turn, led to the first meaningful industrial growth, which, during the 1920s, was mainly centered around food processing and increasingly involved U. S. central. Agricultural exports provided the Argentine Treasury with acceptable surpluses during both World Wars and helped finance a boom in machinery and consumer goods imports between the wars and coterminous 1945. The creation of a single grain purchaser ( the IAPI ) by Pres. Juan Pern produced mixed results, oftentimes shortchanging growers equivalent as it benefited them with investments in infrastructure, machinery and pest control. Policies friendly to industrial investment during the Arturo Frondizi ' s retention led to the establishment of FIAT and John Deere farm machinery makers locally, spurring further modernization, as did accelerated rural roadbuilding and electrification programs during the 1960s. Cost - cutting measures by the Juan Carlos Ongana regime led to the closure of 11 immense sugar mills in 1966, however, equable as agriculture generally continued to grow. The Agriculture Secretariat, an office promoted to a cabinet - level post in 2009. Domestic austerity policies pursued by the last dictatorship and Ral Alfonsn ' s government led to record trade surpluses during much of the 1976 - 90 era, led by agricultural exports and, notably, the sudden boom in soybean cultivation, which displaced sunflower seeds as the leading oilseed crop in 1977. A severe shortage of domestic credit hampered the sector somewhat, however, as growing harvests soon outstripped transport and storage capacity. A tie of the Argentine peso to the U. S. dollar implemented by economist Domingo Cavallo in 1991 reduced export competitiveness somewhat, though the resulting stability led to record investments in agricultural infrastructure and led to strong growth in harvests during the late 1990s. These trends were accompanied by the federal approval of GMO crops in 1995. A devaluation of the peso in 2002 and a sustained rise in commodity prices since has further encouraged the sector, leading to record production and exports, helping finance record public works spending through export tariffs, a centerpiece of Nstor and Cristina Kirchner ' s economic policies. These, inturn, became a point of contention when President Cristina Kirchner advanced a hike in export tariffs, leading to the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector; the tariff increase was defeated in the Senate when Vice President Julio Cobos cast an unexpected, tie - breakig vote against the measure. Today In 2007, more than one fifth of Argentine exports of about US$56 billion were composed of unprocessed agricultural primary goods, mainly soybeans, wheat and maize. A further one third were composed of processed agricultural products, such as animal feed, flour and vegetable oils. Role of Government The national governmental organization in charge of overseeing agriculture is the Secretariat of Agriculture, Cattle Farming, Fishing and Food ( Secretara de Agricultura, Ganadera, Pesca y Alimentos, SAGPyA ). Production per commodity Sunflower field in Buenos Aires Province. Gauchos roping cattle, Corrientes Province. Sugarcane fields and mill, Tucumn Province. All data refers to 2004 information by the FAO and by 2007 data from the Argentine Ministry of the Economy. Around 10 % of the country is cultivated, while about half of it is used for cattle, sheep and other livestock. Cereals One of the main exports of the country are cereals, centered around corn wheat and sorghum, with rice and barley produced mainly for national consumption. With a total area of around 210. 000 km, the annual production of cereals is around 50 million tonnes. Oilseeds Oilseeds became important as their international price rose during the late 20th century. Of the approximately 52 million tonnes produced annually, around 92 % are soybeans and 7 % are sunflower seeds. The total cultivated area for oilseeds is around 41. 000 km. Oilseed farming in Argentina has been prominent from the early 20th century, when the country was the world ' s primary exporter of flax ( linseed ). The collapse of that market in the 1930s and the crop ' s soil denuding qualities, however, ended its dominance within the sector. Meats Beef and other meats are some of the most important agricultural export products of Argentina. Nearly 5 million tonnes of meats ( not including seafood ) are produced in Argentina, long the world ' s leading beef consumer on a per capita basis. Beef accounts for 3. 2 million tonnes ( not counting 500. 000 tonnes of edible offal ). Then, following in importance: chicken, with 1. 2 million tonnes; pork, with 265, 000 and mutton ( including goat meat ), over 100, 000. Cattle is mainly raised in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Santa Fe. Fruit Grapes ( mostly for the wine harvest ), together with lemons, apples and pears are the most important fruit harvests, produced mainly in the Ro Negro valleys of Ro Negro Province and Neuqun Province, as well as Mendoza Province. Other important crops include peaches and other citruses. With an area of around 6. 000 km, the fruit production is around 8 million annual tonnes. Sugar cane The cultivation of sugar cane and its derivates over an area of 3. 000 km, mainly in the Tucumn Province, yields around 19 million tonnes annually. There are also sugar - cane factories ( ingenios azucareros ) for the production of sugar and cellulose. Cotton In 2007 on 393, 000, 174, 000 net tons of cotton was produced of which 7, 000 tons was exported. The main production area is Chaco Province and, though the crop is being replaced in many areas with soybeans due to production costs, production has more than doubled since the 2002 low. Dairy Milk production is of around 10 billion annual liters and eggs, about 650 million dozen. Their production, as well as that of related dairy industries ( half a million tons of cheese, particularly ), was favored by the 2002 devaluation of the Argentine peso, as this placed production costs well below the international price. This increased milk and dairy product exports; but has also raised their local prices. Vegetables Vegetables, mainly potatoes, onions and tomatoes, are cultivated all over the country, almost exclusively for the domestic market. Other important products include sweetpotato, pumpkins, carrots, beans, peppers and garlic. An approximate area of 3. 000 km produces over five million tonnes of vegetable every year. Fish and seafood Fish and other sea foods are less important to the export economy, and are not widely consumed by Argentines. Most of the 900. 000 tonnes fished is frozen and exported. The most important product is hake ( merlucciidae ), followed by Cephalopod ( squid ) and other molluscs and Crustaceans. Agricultural production Production as of 2006 - 2007. Quantities in thousands of metric tonnes, areas in thousands of hectares. 30 most cultivated commodities by harvested production Rank Commodities Area harvested Quantity produced Percent of World ' s total 1 Soybeans 16150 47600 22. 0 2 Maize 2790 21800 2. 8 3 Sugar Cane 305 20480 1. 3 4 Wheat 5507 14550 2. 4 5 Sunflower seed 2410 3605 13. 4 6 Sorghum 590 3000 4. 6 7 Grapes 219 2779 4. 2 8 Potatoes 83 2558 0. 8 9 Lemons 42 1504 11. 5 10 Barley 338 1268 1. 0 11 Apples 40 1220 1. 9 12 Rice, paddy 170 1060 0. 2 13 Oranges 51 938 1. 5 14 Yerba Mate 166 783 50. 3 15 Onions 30 735 1. 2 16 Tomatoes 20 687 0. 5 17 Groundnuts 212 575 1. 7 18 Cotton 393 550 0. 8 19 Pears 19 510 2. 5 20 Mandarins 36 432 1. 6 21 Beans 251 328 1. 7 22 Squash 20 325 4. 1 23 Green Tea ( India ) 36 292 0. 8 24 Sweet Potatoes 18 281 0. 2 25 Grapefruit 12 273 5. 4 26 Peaches 29 272 1. 6 27 Carrots 11 268 1. 0 28 Oats 138 243 1. 0 29 Tobacco 83 161 2. 5 30 Garlic 14 136 0. 9 References ^ a b c Ministerio de Economa y Produccin - Repblica Argentina ^ a b Rock, David. Argentina: 1516 - 1982. University of California Press, 1987. ^ Historical Dictionary of Argentina. London: Scarecrow Press, 1978. ^ National Geographic Magazine. August 1986. ^ Sur del Sur. Argentina: Economic Activities ^ INDEC, Foreign Trade, Export Complexes. ^ Secretariat of Agriculture, Cattle Farming, Fishing and Food. Official website. ^ ( production statistics ). ^ FAO vde Agriculture in South America Sovereign states Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Panama1 Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago1 Uruguay Venezuela Dependencies and territories Aruba1 / Netherlands Antilles1 ( Netherlands ) Falkland Islands / South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( United Kingdom ) 2 French Guiana ( France ) 1 Territories also in or commonly considered to be part of North America and / or Central America. 2 Territories also in or commonly considered to be part of Antarctica. Categories: History of Argentina
Agriculture in Argentina na
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